1500 Essential (1-300) Flashcards
abacus
frame with balls for calculating
چرتكه
abate
to lessen
to subside
فروكش كردن،
abdication
giving up control authority
استعفا، كناره گيري
aberration
straying away from what is normal
انحراف، عدم انطباق
abet
help/encourage sb (in doing wrong)
تربيت كردن، تشويق و تقويت كردن
abeyance
suspended action
بلاتكليفي، تعليق
abhor
to hate
to detest
تنفر داشتن، ترس داشتن
abide
be faithful
to endure
ايستادگيكردن، پايدار ماندن، تاب اوردن
abjure
promise or swear
to give up
سوگند شكستن، نقض عهد كردن، براي هميشه ترك كردن
abraded
rubbed off
worn away by friction
تحريك كردن، سر غيرت اوردن
abrogate
repeal or annul by authority
از ميان بردن، منسوخ كردن، لغو كردن
abscond
to go away suddenly (to avoid arrest)
گريختن، فرار كردن، پنهان شدن
abstruse
difficult to comprehend
پنهان و پيچيده
abut
border on
مماس بودن، مجاور بودن
abysmal
bottomless
extreme
ژرف، گردابي، ناپيمودني
acarpous
effete no longer
fertile worn out
بي ثمر، بدون ميوه
acclaimed
welcomed with shouts and approval
accolade
praise
approval
سربالايي، فراز، مراسم اعطاي منصب
accretion
the growing of separate things into one
رشد يوسته، اتحاد و يكپارچگي
adamant
kind of stone
inflexible
مقاوم، يكدنده، جسم جامد و سخت
admonitory
containing warning
نصيحت اميز، توبيخ اميز
adorn
add beauty
decorate
زيبا كردن، ارايش كردن
adulteration
making unpure poorer in quality
جعل و تزوير
affable
polite and friendly
مهربان، دلجو و خوش برخورد
affinity
close connection
relationship
خويشاوندي، وابستگي، ميل تركيبي
aggravate
make worse
irritate
بدتر كردن، خشمگين كردن
agile
active
quick-moving
agog
eager/excited
نگران، مشتاق
ail
trouble
be ill
ازردن و پريشان كردن
درد ياكسالت داشتن
alacrity
eager and cheerful readiness
چابكي و نشاط
alcove
recess/partially enclosed place
شاه نشين، الاچيق، تو رفتگي
allegiance
duty
support
loyalty
وفاداري، تابعيت، بيعت
alleviate
make (pain) easier
to bear
سبك كردن، ارام كردن
alloy
to debase by mixing with something inferior
aloof
reserved indifferent
دور، كناره گير
amalgamate
mix
combine unite societies
اميختن
ambidextrous
able to use the left hand or the right equally well
قابليت استفاده از هر دو جهت
ambiguous
doubtful
uncertain
با ابهام، تاريك
ambivalent
having both of two contrary meanings
دوجنبه اي
ameliorate
improve
make better
بهتر كردن، اصلاح كردن
amortize
end (a debt) by setting aside money
وقف كردن ، واگذار كردن، خراب كردن، كشتن
anguish
severe suffering
اضطراب، نگران شدن، دلتنگ كردن
animosity
strong dislike
دئمني، كينه
antidote
medicine used against a poison or a disease
antithetical
direct opposing
apartheid
brutal racial discrimination
aplomb
self-confidence
apostate
one who abandons long-held religious or political convictions
apotheosis
deification glorification to godliness
appease
make quiet or calm
apprehensive
grasping understanding fear unhappy feeling about future
apprise
give notice to inform
approbation
approval
apropos
appropriate to the situation apt
apt
well-suited quick-witted
arabesque
a complex ornate design
arboreal
of connected with trees
ardor
enthusiasm
arduous
steep difficult ascent laborious
argot
jargon slang
arrant
in the highest degree
arrogance
proud superior manner of behaviour
articulate
speak distinctly connect by joints
ascend
go or come up
ascertain
get to know
ascetic
practicing self-denial austere stark
ascribe
consider to be the origin of or belonging to
aseptic
surgically clean
asperity
roughness harshness ill temper irritability
aspersion
slander
assail
with attack violently
assiduous
diligent hard-working sedulous
assuage
make smth (pain desire) less
asterisk
the mark * (e.g.. omitted letters)
astringent
substance that shrinks
astute
clever quick at seeing to get an advantage
atonement
repayment death of Jesus
attenuate
make thin. weaken enervate
attune
bring into harmony
audacious
daring foolishly bold impudent
augury
omen sign
august
majestic venerable
auspicious
favorable successful prosperous
austere
severely moral and strict simple and plain
auxiliary
helping supporting
aver
affirm assert prove justify
aversion
strong dislike
avid
eager greedy
avow
admit. Declare openly
baleful
harmful ominous causing evil
balk
obstacle purposely to get on the way of
baneful
causing harm or ruin pernicious destructive
barrage
artificial obstacle built across a river
barren
not good enough unable to have young ones without value
bask
in enjoy warmth and light
beatify
to bless make happy or ascribe a virtue to
bedizen
to adorn especially in a cheap showy manner
belabor
beat hard
bellicose
belligerent pugnacious warlike
belligerent
(person nation) waging war
benefactor
person who has given help
benevolence
wish or activity in doing good
benign
kind and gentle mild (climate)
bequest
arrangement to give smth at death
berate
scold sharply
bereft
rob or dispossess of smth (material)
bewilder
puzzle confuse
bigot
stubborn narrow-minded person
bilge
bulge the protuberance of a cask
blandishment
flattery coaxing
blandness
polite manner comforting uninteresting
blatant
noisy and rough
blithe
cheerful casual carefree
bogus
sham counterfeit not genuine
boisterous
loud noisy rough lacking restraint
bolster
give greatly needed support
boorish
crude offensive rude
brash
hasty rush cheeky saucy
brass
yellow metal (mixing copper and zinc)
brazen
made of brass
breach
opening broken place breaking
brittle
easily broken
broach
bring up announce begin to talk about
brook
to tolerate endure
buoyant
able to float light-hearted
burgeon
grow forth send out buds
burnish
to polish rub to a shine
cabal
a scheme or plot a group of plotters
cadge
to beg to get by begging
cajole
use flattery or deceit to persuade
calipers
metal supports attached to the legs measuring instrument
calumny
slander aspersion
candid
frank straight-forward
cant
insincere talk/jargon
cantankerous
bad-tempered/quarrelsome
canvass
discuss thoroughly sort of touting
castigate
to chastise correct by punishing
castigation
severe punishment
catalyst
substance that causes speeding up
caustic
biting sarcastic
censure
expression of blame or disapproval a rebuke
centurion
leader of a unit of 100 soldiers
chary
cautious wary
chastened
corrected punished
chastisement
punishment
chauvinist
a blindly devoted patriot
chicanery
legal trickery/false argument
chisel
steel tool for shaping materials
churl
bad-tempered person
clamor
shout complain with a lot of noise
clientele
customers
clinch
come to grips/settle conclusively
cling
to resist separation
clot
half-solid lump formed from liquid
cloture
closing device (in Parliament) to end a debate by voting
coagulation
change to a thick and solid state
coalescing
coming together and uniting into one substance
coax
get smb to do smth by kindness
coda
passage that completes a piece of music
coddle
treat with care and tenderness
coerce
compel to force to make obedient
coeval
of the same period coexisting
cogent
strong convincing
cogitate
think deeply mediate
cognizant
being fully aware of
colander
bowl-shaped vessel with many holes used to drain off water
collusion
secret agreement for a deceitful purpose
combustion
process of burning
commemorate
keep the memory of
commodious
having plenty of space for what is needed
commuter
person who travels regularly
complaisance
tending to comply obliging willingness to please
compunction
feeling of regret for one’s action
conceal
hide keep secret
conceit
over-high opinion of too much pride
conciliatory
reconciling soothing comforting mollifying
concord
agreement or harmony
concur
agree in opinion happen together
condense
increase in density strength make laconic
condone
forgive
congeal
make or become stiff and solid
conjoin
to join together
connoisseur
a person with good judgement (e.g.. in art)
connotation
suggestion in addition to
consequential
pompous self important
console
give comfort or sympathy to
conspicuous
easily seen remarkable
consternation
surprise and fear dismay
constrain
compel
constrict
make tight or smaller
consume
get to the end of
consummate
perfect/make perfect/complete
contemn
to scorn or despise
contentious
argumentative pugnacious combative quarrelsome
contiguous
touching neighboring near
contrite
filled with deep sorrow for wrongdoing
contumacious
insubordinate rebellious
conundrum
a riddle dilemma enigma
conviction
convincing firm belief
convoke
call together summon
convoluted
complicated coiled twisted
cordial
warm and sincere
cordon
line (of police acting as a guard)
cornucopia
abundant supply
corporeal
physical of or for the body
correlate
have a mutual relation
corroboration
additional strengthening evidence
countenance
to favor or approve of
counterfeit
forgery
countervail
counterbalance
covert
disguised
covetous
eagerly desirous
cower
crouch shrink back
coy
shy/modest (esp of a girl)
crass
very great (es. stupidity)
cravat
piece of linen worn as a necktie
craven
cowardly
crease
line made by crushing white line on the ground in cricket
credulity
too great a readiness to believe things
credulous
ready to believe things
crush
press lose shape subdue overwhelm
cryptic
secret with a hidden meaning
cumbersome
burdensome heavy and awkward to carry
curmudgeon
bad-tempered person
curriculum
course of study
cursory
quick hurried
curtail
make shorter then was planned
dainty
pretty/delicate(food)/difficult to please
daunt
intimidate make fearful
dawdler
person who is slow waste of time
dearth
shortage
debacle
a breakup overthrow sudden disaster
decorum
propriety properness
decree
order given by authority
decry
disapprove of
defer
postpone give way (to show respect)
deferential
showing respect
defiance
open disobedience or resistance
delineate
to portray depict sketch out
deluge
great flood heavy rush of water
demagogue
person appealing not to reasons
demur
to hesitate raise objections
denigrate
blacken belittle sully defame
denouement
an outcome or solution the unraveling of a plot
deplete
use until none remains
deposition
dethronement depositing
deprave
make morally bad corrupt
deprecate
protest against express disapproval of
dereliction
deserting and leaving to fall into ruins
derision
ridicule mockery deriding
derivative
unoriginal obtained from another source
derogatory
insulting tending to damage
descry
catch sight of see smth in the distance
desiccant
substance used to absorb moisture
desuetude
cessation of use disuse
desultory
aimless haphazard digressing at random
deter
discourage hinder
detraction
slandering verbal attack aspersion
detumescence
diminishing or lessening of swelling
deviance
being different in moral standards (from normal)
dexterity
skill (esp. in handling)
diaphanous
transparent gauzy
diatribe
bitter and violent attack in words
diffidence
shyness
dilate
speak comprehensively become wider large
disallow
refuse to allow or accept as a correct
discern
see with an effort but clearly
discomfit
confuse embarrass
disconcert
upset the self-possession of
discountenance
refuse to approve of
discourse
speech lecture
discredit
refuse to believe
discreet
careful/prudent
discrete
individually distinct
disdain
look on with contempt
disencumber
free from encumbrance
disheveled
untidy
disingenuous
sophisticated artful trying to deceive cunning
disinter
dig up from the earth
dislodge
move force from the place occupied
dismal
sad gloomy miserable
disparate
essentially different
disproof
proof to the contrary
dissemble
speak or behave so as to hide smth (in mind)
disseminate
distribute (esp. ideas)
dissent
have a different opinion refuse to assent
dissolution
disintegration looseness in morals
distraught
distracted violently upset in mind
divergence
getting farther apart from a point
divestiture
taking off getting rid of giving up
divulge
make known smth secret
doggerel
trivial poorly constructed verse
dogmatic
positive certain arbitrary without room for discussion
dolt
stupid fellow
dormant
in a state of inactivity but awaiting development
dote
show much fondness center one’s attention
drawl
slow way of speaking
droll
jesting
drone
male bee person who isn’t self-employed
drowsiness
feeling sleepy half asleep