TOEFL READING - Vocab Test Flashcards
Prized
Valued
something exceptionally desirable
Overtaken
Surpassed
to catch up with and pass by
to come upon suddenly
She overtook the other runners and went on to win the race.
The sign says “No Overtaking.”
Seasickness can overtake passengers when the ship encounters a storm.
Plunge
- to cause to penetrate or enter quickly and forcibly into something
- to cause to enter a state or course of action usually suddenly, unexpectedly, or violently
- to thrust or cast oneself into or as if into water
- to descend or dip suddenly
Her car plunged off a bridge.
The stock market plunged yesterday.
The President’s approval rating has plunged to 20 percent.
Resolve
Find a solution for
Tangled
Twisted together
very involved
exceedingly complex
it helps to have a lawyer to sort out the tangled contracts that home buyers typically have to contend with
Conceal
to place out of sight - hide
to prevent disclosure or recognition of
The sunglasses conceal her eyes.
The controls are concealed behind a panel.
The defendant is accused of attempting to conceal evidence.
Surging
Accelerating - to rise suddenly to an excessive or abnormal value
to rise and fall actively
We all surged toward the door.
She surged past the other runners.
Thoughts of what could happen were surging through his mind.
Prior to
in advance of
Proceeding
make sure all revisions are approved by the author prior to publication
Unsubstantiated
Unverified
not proven to be true
A plausible but unsubstantiated theory
Enactment
Performance
something (such as a law) that has been enacted
as a result of an enactment by Congress, this breathtaking canyon will be permanently protected from development
the enactment of the murder is never actually shown on screen
Devastated
Ruined
to reduce to chaos, disorder, or helplessness
a country devastated by war
The flood devastated the town.
The disease has devastated the area’s oak tree population.
The hurricane left the island completely devastated.
Extend
Stretch
Increase is not a good choice
Outstanding
Excellent
standing out from a group
Tonight we will honor the school’s most outstanding students.
You did an outstanding job on the project.
the outstanding quality of your work
Do not Account for
Do not Explain
Supremacy
A dominance
the quality or state of being supreme
supreme authority or power
the Roman empire had supremacy over the entire Mediterranean world
the supremacy of cashmere among wools accounts for its high price
Supreme
Most outstanding
highest in rank or authority
The board has supreme authority over such issues.
She has an air of supreme confidence about her.
the supreme example of what not to do
Solemn
Serious
He spoke in a solemn and thoughtful manner.
He wore a very solemn expression on his face.
He recited the poem in a solemn voice.
Composed for sth
Created for sth
Comprises
Consists of
Margin of sth
Edges
Appreciation
Recognition
Bias
Prejudice
تعصب، تبعيض
Prevailing
Most frequent
غالب - عمومي
Accumulated
Collected
Bizarre
Odd
عجيب و غريب
Casts off
Get ride of
Homogenous
Uniform
Renounce
Reject
انكار كردن - نفي كردن
Prevails
Dominates
غالب
Subtle
Slight
نا محسوس - لطيف
Compile
Put together
جمع اوري كردن ، گرد اوري كردن
Raw
Unprocessed
Prospect
Possibility
دور نما - چشم انداز - انتظار
Roughly
Approximately
تقريبا
Magnify
Increase
Distinctions
Differences
تميز، برتري، ترجيح
Related
Connected
Supported
Upheld
تاييد
Forward-looking
Progressive
Rudimentary
Undeveloped
اوليه، ناقص، ابتدايي
Sole
Only
Subsidizes
Finances
كمك خرج ، كمك هزينه
Rotates
Alternates
Implements
Tools
ابزار، اسباب
Clues
Information
سرنخ، اطلاعات
Hemishpheres
Sides
نيم كره
They are Subject to sth
Susceptible to
در معرض، حساس ، مستعد پذيرش
Puncture
Pieces
شكسته شدن، تكه هاي شكسته شده، سوراخ شدن
Fused in
Combined
تركيب شدن
Lure
Attract
اغوا كردن، طعمه يا وسيله تطميع
Deposited
Placed
امانت ، وديعه
Discrete
Separate
جدا از هم
Inadequate
Deficient
نا كافي
Inevitably
Unavoidably
به ناچار، به ضرورت
Lamented
Complained about
تاسف خوردن، ضجه و زاري كردن، سوگواري كردن
First rank
Highest quality
Faded from
Disappeared from
Novel
Innovative
نو، جديد
Stationary
Fixed
Vessel
Craft
Emerged
Appeared
بيرون امدن، پديدار شدن
Deliberate
Careful
دانسته ، سنجيده، عمدا انجام دادن
Demanded
Required
درخواست شده، تقاضا شده
Imitate
Copy
Comparably
Similarly
به طور قابل مقايسه
Inclinations
Preferances
تمايل، انحراف ، شيب
Cumbersome
Burdensome
سنگين، طاقت فرسا
Confined
Limited
محدود شده
Framed
Posed
Supposedly
Seemingly
به طور فرضي
Sanitation
Health
مراعات اصول بهداشت، بهسازي
Conflicting
Opposing
مصادف، مخالف
Gives away to
Turns into
Speculate
Hypothesis
انديشيدن، تفكر كردن، انتظار سود و زيان داشتن
Altenative
Option
Penetrate
Go through
On the strength of
On the basis of
Substantial
Large and strongly made
Pin-point
Identifying precisely
Ingenuity
Cleverness
نبوغ، هوش
Predominant
Principle
Extended
Increased
Barren
Infertile
عقيم، بي حاصل، بي ثمر
Preferred
Favored
Divergence
Difference
Durable
Long lasting
Elaborately
Done in great detail
استادانه، به طور كامل
Integral
An essential
Concentrated
Clustered
Distinct
Separate
Setting
Stablishing
Drastic
Radical
Extracted
Removed
Instances
Cases
Entomb
Trap
زير خاك كردن، دفن كردن
Marked
Pronounced
Ushering in
Beginning
Execut
Creat
اجرا كردن، اداره كردن ، ايجاد كردن
Sketching
Drawing
Domains
Fields
Fundamental
Basic
Skilled
Expert
Presided over
Managed
مدیریت شده
Entites
Objects
Motifs
Designs
نقش و نگار، موضوع، شكل عمده
Rare
Infrequent
Maintaining
Preserving
Tolerate
Endure
Obtain
Get
Roll back
Reduce
Stimulating
Encouraging
تحریک کننده
Depressed
Lowered
Stringent
Strict
سخت و دقیق
Dictates
Determines
دستور دادن ، امر کردن
Witnessed
Observed
A break with
A departure from
Conserve
Retain
نگه داشتن
Magnified
Intensified
Forage
Feed
علوفه
Counteracted
Negated
خنثي كردن
Prevent
Avoid
Fixture
Commonplace object
Nevertheless
However
Readily
Only
Distinguished
Differentiated
Constituting
Making up
Pits
Holes
چاله ، حفره ، چال دار کردن
Justified
Supported
Flourish
Succeed
رشت کردن ، پیشرفت کردن
In an objective manner
In an unbiased manner
Compelling
Persuasive
تشویق کننده
Abundantly
Plentifully
Propagate
Multiply
Dormant
Inactive
خوابیده و ساکت و ساکن
Disputes
Arguments
Restricted
Limited
Exposed to
Subjected to
Exert
Cause
اعمال کردن ، اجرا کردن
Diffuses
Travels
Rupture
Burst
شکستگی ، تخریب کردن
Enables
Allows
Rather
Instead
Realization
Awareness
Aesthetically
Artistically
با وابستگی به زیبایی ، با طبع
Refreashing
Meaningful
Devote
Dedicate
وقف کردن ، اختصاص دادن
Bound
Tied
Assembling
Gathering
Adorned
Decorated
اراسته ، پیراسته
Attire
Clothing
اراستن ، لباس پوشاندن
Unravel
Discover
از هم باز کردن ، از گیر در اوردن ، حل کردن
Mundane
Ordinary
دنیوی، خاکی
Gap
Opening
Discards
Get rid of
Deft
Skilled
Robust
Strong
قوی
Heralded
Announced
اعلام شده
Major
Principle
Symmetrical
Proportionally balanced
Obvious
Apparent
Dominated
Were prevalent in
Crisscross
Move back and front
Supplements
Extensions
تکمیلی ، متمم
Skepticism
Doubt
شک گرایی ، شک و تردید
Subsidy
Financing
کمک هزینه، کمک بلاعوض، کمک مالی
Conjectural
Based on guessing
حدسی
Assortment
Variety
ترتیب و مجموعه دسته بندی شده
Exalted
Superior
بلند مرتبه
Came of age
Established itself
Traces
Imprints
ترسیم کردن،کشیدن ، دنبال کردن
Adversely
Negatively
Altered
Changed
Noxious
Harmful
مضر و مهلک
Detectable
Measurable
Acute
Intense
تیز، شدید، زیرک
Exceeded
Surpassed
Durable
Lasting
Customarily
Usually
Deliberation
Discussion
سبک و سنگین کردن
Invoked
Called upon
احضار کردن، طلب کردن
Meager
Very little
ناچیز
Exposed to
Subjected to
Induced
Caused
وادار کردن، فراهم کردن ، اغوا کردن
Remarkable
Extraordinary
Exerted
Applied
Restricted
Limited
Intricate
Complex
An army of sth
Alarge number of
Vary
Differ
Change
Cohesion
Unity
پیوستگی
Consciously
Purposely
عمدی
Enabled
Helped
Disaster
Catastrophe
Ceased
Stoped
متوقف کردن
Prominent
Distinguished
حساس، برجسته، والا
Applied to
Used for
Afforded
Provided
حاصل کردن، تهیه کردن
The most eagerly anticipated
Looked forward to
Ascribed to
Assumed to be true of
اسناد دادن، نسبت دادن
Constituent
Component
اجزا، سازه
Spawned
Created
تولید مثل شده
Core
Center
Embedded
Encased
تعبیه شده
Spotting
Identifying
تشخیص دادن
Dogma
Belief
عقیده دینی
Detect
Discover the presence of
Shied away from
Avoided
Milestone
Significant development
مرحله مهم از زندگی، مرحله برجسته
Jolting
Shocking
لرزان
Magnitude
Extent
دامنه، حیطه، شکل
Attachment to
Preferance for
Protruding
Projecting
بیرون انداختن، برامدی داشتن، تحمیل کردن
Shield
Protect
غلاف، محافظ
Daring
Bold
جرات و شهامت
Boosted
Raised
افزوده
Deliberation
Discussion
Invoked
Called upon
Inhibited
Hindered
منع کردن، جلوگیری کردن
Counterpart
Version
Detectable
Apparent
Sumptuous
Luxurious
مجلل و گران
It could not yeild
Could not provide
Adhere
Stick
چسبیدن
Rapidily
Swiftness
تند و به سرعت
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Rear
Raise
تربیت کردن، بلند کردن
Immunity
Protection
مصونیت سیاسی
Conspicuous
Noticeable
برجسته
On the other hand
However
Bias
Prejudice
تعصب
Embraced
Welcomed
در اغوش گرفته
Exorbitant
Expensive
گزاف
Proponents
Supporters
طرفدار
Outbreak
Begining
ظهور
Undergone
Experienced
تحمل کردن، متحمل شدن
Consorte
Associat
همسر ، شریک
Sufficient
Adequate
Drew
Attracted
کشیده شده، بیرون کشیده،
Annihilate
Conquer
نابود کردن، از بین بردن
Moreover
Furthermore
Aptly
Appropriately
Article
Object
Staple
Basic element
کالای عمده، اساسی
Distinct
Different
مشخص
Invade
Move into
همجوم بردن
Contemporary
Existing
معاصر، همزمان
Finely
Minutely
به طور عالی و ظریف
Attendant
Accompanying
خدمتکار، سرپرست و همراه
Exponential leaps
Rapid increases
Virtually
Almost completely
واقعا
Succinct
Concise
کوتاه و مختصر
Revise
Change
Advanced
Proposed
Tardy
Late
دارای تاخیر، تنبل و سست
Discounted
Disregarded
کاستن و تخفیف دادن
Hampered
Impeded
مانع شده، مختل شده
Sensational
Spectacular
مهیج، احساسی
Capture
Catch
گرفتن، دستگیر کردن
Retract
Pull back
تو بردن، منقیض کردن، جمع شدن
Spiraling
Rising
به طور مارپیچ بالا رفتن
More modest
Less ambitious
معتدل، فروتن
Precisely
Exactly
Marked
Distinct
Functional
Useful
اساسی
Monochrome
One color
تک رنگ
Undimentioned
Not lessened
Dream
Expectation
Vowed
Promised
Unwieldy
Unmanageable
بدهیکل، گنده
Illuminated
Clarified
Prerequisite
Requirement
پیش نیاز، شرط لازم
Succeeding
Later
بعدی
Shattered
Brocken apart
خرد شده
Dominant
Most common
Primitive
Inexpensive
نخستین، اولیه
On the threshold of
At the start of
Bartering
Exchanging
مبادله کرد
Supplanted
Replaced
از ریشه کردن، جا به جا شدن
Prime
Principle
اولیه، اصلی
Incised
Cut
بریدن، کندن
Distinctive
Unique
مشخصه
Yield
Produce
Tend
Care for
Provisioning
Preparing
تامین ذخیره
Enveloped
Surrounded
پیچیدن
Gradually
By degrees
شیب تدریجی و اهسته
At any rate
Regardless
Scattered
Irregularly distributed
By virtue of
Taking advantage of
با مزیت…
Circumscribed
Restricted
محدود و مشخص کردن
Indeterminate
Uncertain
نا معین
Hardiest
Most vigorous
دلیر و جسور
Framework
Structure
Prolonged
Extended
طولانی کردن، دراز کردن
Encounter
Meet
Notwithstanding
In spite of
Allay
Reduce
ارام کردن
Testimony
Evidence of
گواهی، شهادت
Ultimately
Eventually
سرانجام
Demise
Death
فوت، مرگ
Presumably
Probably
احتمالا
Intent
Propose
قصد و نیت
Alert
Warn
Scurrying
Rushing
تند و سریع
Essence
Basic nature
ماهیت ، ذات
Engaged
Hired
Subsequent
Later
Grumbled
Complained
غرغر کردن
Identical
Exactly alike
Graphic
Vivid
Sedentary
Inactive
بی حرکت، نشسته
Boosted
Raised
Scope
Extent
Prolific
Productive
حاصلخیز
Antecedent
Predecessor
سابقه
Appealing
Attractive
Rotting
Decaying
Thereby
By that means
Meteoric
Rapid
شهابی، زودگذر
Apace with
As fast as
به سرعت
Foremost
Leading
بهترین، در درجه نخست
Intensive
Concentrated
Merely
Only
فقط، صرفا
Emitting
Producing
Pursue
Chase
Appreciated
Recognized
Resemble
Look like
شباهت داشتن
Affectional tie
Emotional attachment
از لحاظ احساسسی وابسته بودن
Urged
Encouraged
اصرار کردن، برانگیختن، با اصرار وادار کردن
Convergence
Gathering
Carried on
Continued
Verify
Establish the truth of
Attributes
Characteristics
Credible
Believable
معتبر و باور کردنی
Repudiate
Reject
انکار کردن
Consensus
Agreement
توافق ، اجتماع، موافقت عمومی
Ethic
Set of morel principles
اصول اخلاقی
Intrinsically
Fundamentally
فی نفسه
Staggering
Extremely great or surprising
The cost was a staggeringly $10 million.
The financial impact on the town was staggering.
A staggering beautiful landscape.
Spark
To be the case of sth.
To make someone feel interested
A discarded cigarette sparked a small brush fire.
Topics that spark children’s imaginations.
Myriad
Many
We were plagued by myriad tiny flies
Plague
To cause pain specially for long period of time
To annoy someone
He was plagued by eye trouble.
The kids have been plaguing me with questions.
A case in point
A good example
Account for
Explain