1.5 The failure to reach a negotiated settlement, 1646-49 Flashcards
Which two groups offered Charles settlements that would have restored him to the throne?
Parliament and the Scots (this one was more generous politically)
What proposal did the Scots make the King in 1646?
- security of the Presbyterian church in Scotland.
- Parliament had not offered them enough religious settlement.
- Charles delayed his response and the Scots gave up and handed him over to Parliament in 1647.
What did the Newcastle propositions state?
Political Presbyterians wanted
- P nominate key officcers of state
- P control Militia for 20 yrs
- Abolish bishops
- create preb church for 3 yrs
- strict anti-Catholic laws to be enforced
Charles not responding to the Newcastle and scot prob resulted in growth in tension rather than a settlement because of
A) Charles
B) Levellers
C) Army
A) He delayed his answer but it was unlikely that he would have ever accepted all of them.
B) Radical group, develop their own political programme. Influence on some in army = more political radicalism
C) Army emerges as a rival political force to P. Elcet pokesmen - Agitators = emphasise the split/division between P and Army. The army are more radical than most MPs, The fact they had not been paid makes matter only worse .
Where did the Levellers receive support from?
New Model army
What politicised the NMA in 1647?/ Who were Agitators?
Concerned with the arrears of pay not given to them, parliament voted to disband the army without pay and within a few months the army emerged as a rival political force, elected their own political spokesmen (Agitators)
What was the Heads of the Proposals?
Presented to king by army leaders on 2 August, was drafted by Ireton
- Triennial Act would be repealed and replaced with Biennial parliaments
- Parliament would nominate key officers of state for 10 years
- Parliament would control the militia for 10 yea
= FARRRR more moderate than the Newcastle proposal = Army wanting to est long lasting + stable settlement. = wanted to strengthen P
While Charles was ‘considering’ HoP what was he also doin?
He was secretly enging w scots. Signed treaty = Agreement Dec 1647, Promise = impose Presbyterian church in ENgland = for 3yrs = 🤝= scots army
While an angry parliament voted in early January to hold no more negotiations with Charles, the army readied itself for more action.
Politicisation of the Army
Leveller influence Army increased. Oct 1647 - 1647, the Leveller influenced soldiers offered alternative proposals in the case of the ‘Army truly stated’, which was drawn up under the title of the ‘Agreement of the people’ and presented to the Army General Council by the Agitators
- Complete religious freedom
- Annual Parliaments elected by all adult males.
== The debates were brought to an end by news that Charles had escaped from Hampton Court.
What triggered the Second Civil War?
The Scots entering England in April 1648 on Charles’ behalf.
Second Civil War, 1648
- Short. Fairfax and Cromwell Were K.O the scottish army
Remonstrance
- Remonstrance to the commons on the 20th November.
- Written by Ireton it demanded that Charles be brought to Justice.
- Cromwell agonised about his own position, but eventually he decided that by deliberately renewing the war in 1648.
- Charles had betrayed the trust of his people in the eyes of God.
- Parliament sent four Bills to Charles as a final demand, which consisted of a slightly modified version of the Newcastle propositions.
- Declaring the king is guity of high treason for starting second civil war = put on trial.
What was Pride’s Purge (1648) ?
Parliament voted to continue negotiations with the king, and so troops arrested 45 MPs and excluded 186 from the commons- Pride’s Purge.
This left a ‘Rump’ house of 240 (71 would become actively involved in the Trial and execution of Charles I).
DURING THE TRIAL
MTFK SENTENCED TO TRIAL
