1.1 Charles I and parliament, 1625-29 Flashcards
Summary of why did relations between Charles I and P break down by 1629
- Duke of Buckingham’s unpopular actions + assassination
- Parliament actions - anger over foreign policy, finance, royal marriage, religion - petition of right. The protestation.
- Charles I actions e,g marriage, friendship with Buckingham, collection of tonnage and poundage and forced loans, five knights case, ship money. The arrest of MPs. Decision to close Parliament
1) forign policy
2) Religion
3) Finance
4) Parliament actions
How did Charles I and P differover Divine rights?
Charles believed in Divine rights of Kings. This is different to P as they believed king should act within the law and order.
Why did Charles I’s religious policy create political tension?
He had open support for Arminianism (a form of Protestantism) Alienated majority of the political class.
Arminianism was very similar to Catholicism (some viewed it)
How was Charles support for Arminianism was shown through?
1) Promoting Montague to his royal Chaplain in the face of Parliamentary call for his impeachment -1625
2) Making the Arminian Laud the bishop of London - 1628
Describe Charles I foreign policy that was seen as a failure by P and who did they want to point the finger at?
1625 - C called P to fund attacks against Spain (ended up being without the S lol)
Charles wanted to help the Protestant french - his forces defeated at La Rochelle 1627
– Seen as a bloody national humiliation.
P Directed anger at Duke of Buckingham - overseen FP. P wanted him Impeached. ( C dissollves P to protect him)
= Assassination of Buckingham 1628 public were celebrating LMAOO jookes = Charles hostility towards P increased.
What financial issues did Charles face 1625-29 and what actions did he take to resolve this?
to Finance FP C nneded taxation, needed P approval. P agrred to two subidies = £140,000 = fel short £1.
C asked commons for more they refused. In 1626 C K.O P by dissolving them.
1) Levied Forced Loans 1626 - Raised more than subsidies = C felt he didnt need P = but it caused resenment. ( five knight case)
2)
What was the five knight case all about?
Five Knights 1627 that had refused to pay the forced loan were imprisoned and refused bail = shown C absolutist intentions - taxing without consent and imprisoning as he wished. my guy thinks he lives in la la land
when charles called his third P - what was petition of right, 1628 that was presented by P?
1628 ,
Caused by the Five Knights Case 1627 -
Grievances that needed to be addressed before Charles could be granted money for war. No taxation without parliament’s consent, no imprisonment without cause shown - Charles initially denied it but eventually gave in. His reaction forced MPs to give a statement denouncing Arminianism and encouraged merchants to refuse to pay tonnage and poundage
1629 March what did charles announce ?
Dissolution of P = govern without P = 11 yrs personal rule.
Charles sent ‘Black Rod’ to tell commons to end their session but what happened (they thought they were main characters for a moment)
Doors of commons were slammed shut in his face
Speaker attempted to close parliament and all debate must end but was assaulted by several MPs who forced him down onto his chair
Shit went down between privy councillors and MPs who wanted to continue.
They passed - common protestation -
1) Anyone who tried to impose Arminianism is an enemy to the kingdom
2) Against anyone trying to raise tonnage-poundage not granted y P
3) Anyone who pays the money voluntarily is an enemy to the state.
=== Charles saw this assault on the speaker as an assault on himself. This showed some MPs were willing to go further than ever to assert their rights.
Charles ordered the arrest of MPs. 5 admitted guilty and were released. However, One died in the Tower of London 1632.
