1.5 The Cell Cycle And Mitosis Flashcards
What two phases does the cell cycle have
Interphase and miotic phase
What does interphase involve
And which sub phases
Cell growth and dna synthesis
G1, S, G2
Define cytokinesis
The separation of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells
Define mitosis
The separation of chromosomal material by the spindle microtubules (in order to form two identical daughter cells)
What two phases does the miotic phase include
Mitosis and cytokinesis
What phases does mitosis consist of
Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
What happens in prophase
DNA condenses into chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindle Microtubules extend from the Microtubules organizing center by polymerisation and attach to the chromosomes via their kinetocores in the centromere region
What happens in metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate (equator of the spindle)
What happens in anaphase
Spindle Microtubules are shortened by depolymerisation
Sister chromatids are separated
Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles
What happens in telophase
The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them
Explain mitosis fully
Prophase
DNA condenses into chromosomes, each consisting of two sister chromatids
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Spindle Microtubules extend from the Microtubules organizing center by polymerisation and attach to chromosomes via their kinetochores in the centromere region
Metaphase
Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate
Anaphase
Spindle Microtubules shortened by depolymerisation
Sister chromatids are separated and chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite poles
Telophase
The chromosomes decondense and nuclear membranes are formed around them
Cytokinesis
The cytoplasm begins to split in two to form two identical daughter cells
