15. Implantology Flashcards
Types of implants (regarding their anchorage component as it relates to the bone): (3)
- Upon the bone (eposteal/subperiosteal).
- Through the bone (transosteal).
- Within the bone (endosteal/endosseous).
What is alloplastic material?
“Any non-biologic material suitable for implantation
as an alloplast”.
Types of implants (regarding their silhouette or
geometrical form): (6)
- Fin.
- Screw.
- Cylinder.
- Blade.
- Basket.
- Root form.
Almost all current implants are … (4)
endosseous and
either cylindrical, root-shaped or screws.
How are implants placed?
surgically placed into the bone doing a osteotomy with especial drills
What is a dental implant? (3)
- alloplastic material prosthetic device implanted into oral tissues beneath MUCOSAL AND/OR PERIOSTEAL LAYER on or within the bone
- placed into/on jaw bone
- for retention or support for fixed/removeable dentures
Who discovered osteointegration?
Brånemark 1952
What happened with the discovery of osteointegration? (2)
- Brånemark 1952 discovered that bone adheres to titanium
- experiments with rabbit femur
What is osteointegration? (4)
- Direct attachment or connection of osseous tissue to an inert, alloplastic material
without intervening connective tissue - Direct connection of exogenous materials’ and the host bone tissues, without intervening fibrous connective tissue present
- Interface between alloplastic materials and
bone - Thanks to titanium oxide
The most used brands for implantology (5)
- Nobel Biocare (Brånemark system).
- Straumann.
- Biomet 3i.
- Zimmer.
- Astra Tech (Dentsply).
When do you chose Number, location, width, length, etc of implants ?
AFTER deciding the type of
prosthesis
Why do we place implants?
to place a denture
Do implants on their own make any sense? (lol)
no
What is a dental implant abutment? (2)
-connected to the implants after the healing process is over.
- connect the
implant (fixture) to the
prosthesis.
What are the parts of an implant? (2)
Body
Platform
What are the types of implant connections? (2)
External
Internal
What does the implant body surface condition? (3)
◦ Quality of osteointegration.
◦ Healing time.
◦ Long term success.
What are the main implant body surface types? (2)
◦ Additive (plasma spray).
◦ Subtractive (acid etch, sandblasting…).
The implant body is not important during….
prosthetic rehabilitation
What is important for prosthetic rehabilitation?
Implant platform
Important features for implant platform? (3)
◦ Diameter.
◦ Type (internal Vs external).
◦ Compatibility between implant systems.
What is the male part of an implant?
usually a hexagon
Implants: What is the external connection?
Implant has a male part (usually a hexagon) that faces a female part at the abutment
Implants: What is the internal connection?
female part that faces a male
part at the abutment
Which implant brands have both internal and external connections? (2)
Nobel Biocare,
3i
Implants: which connection was first used?
external
Implants: What are the characteristics of external connection?(5)
- Allows high relative inclination between implants.
- Less contact surface at the platform:
◦ More screw loosenings.
◦ More screw fractures.
◦ More micromovements.
Implants: What are the characteristics of internal connection?(5)
- if implants are inclined = difficult to make the prosthesis
- More contact surface at the platform:
◦ Fewer screw loosenings.
◦ Fewer screw fractures.
◦ Fewer micromovements. - May weaken the implant if it´s a narrow one
Prosthetic components are always fitted to the….
platform
When do we use the implant mount/carrier?
during placement of the implant
How do we attach the implant mount/carrier? (2)
attached to a wrench or a contra-angled hand piece
What brands attach implants directly without any mount?
Nobel external connection
Implants: How do we use the cover/closure screw?
- Screwed over the implant to close the platform
while the bone is healing around it. - It´s very short.
How do we use a cover/closure screw for 2 stage implants?
◦ Soft tissue closes over the implant.
◦ A second surgical procedure performed to make the implant emerge over the
gingiva and connect it to the denture
Implants: What is the healing abutment? (2)
- tall abutment that prevents gingiva from closing over the implant, so it heals around it
- prevents need for a second surgery
Implants: What are the types of healing abutments? (2)
◦ Prefabricated: different diameters and heights.
◦ Custom-made.
Implants: What do we use transfer/impression copings for?
to transfer the spatial location of the implant relative to adjacent tissues to the cast
Implants: what are the types of transfer/impression copings? (2)
◦ Open tray copings.
◦ Closed tray copings.
Implants: what are prosthetic abutments?
Connect the implant to the prosthesis
What is torque? (2)
- force that causes rotation
- Is the moment of force applied to the screw that
retains an abutment or a denture.
How do we measure torque?
- Measured in Ncm (not N per cm) with a torque wrench.
What is preload?
- Axial force in the neck of the screw, which is between the first mating thread and the head of the screw.
- This tensile force clamps the abutment to the
implant.
Implants: what must occur for preload to be effective? (2)
the level of preload < the elastic limit (or proof load)
- ex. the maximum load at which NO PERMANENT DEFORMATION occurs, of the screw material and greater than any force applied by biting action
Why must every screw be screwed at a very precise torque?
For the preload to be effective (less than the elastic limit/proof load)
What are the types of implants? (4)
- fixed
- removable
- screw
- cemented
Misch’s classification FP1?
Fixed prosthesis similar to natural teeth
Misch’s classification FP2?
Fixed prosthesis with long teeth
Misch’s classification FP3?
Fixed denture that restores gingival tissue
Misch’s classification RP4?
Implant supported-implant retained removable
prosthesis
Misch’s classification RP5?
Implant retained-tissue supported removable
prosthesis
