1.5 Flashcards
What are proteins
workers of the cells
Characteristics of proteins
-most diverse molecule
-polymers that have many subunits
-there are thousands of different proteins
What is the composition of protein
-made up of many amino acid monomers
What is an amino acid
molecule made up of carboxyl, amino, and H atom
How many amino acids are there
-there are 20 amino acids all together
How do you obtain essential amino acids and how many are there
-you obtain by dieting and eating certain foods
-there are 8 essential amino acids
How do you obtain non-essential amino acids and how many are there
-they are made inside your body
-there are 12 non-essential amino acids
how do you build protein
-attaching amino acids into chains, connected by attaching NH2 group to COOH by dehydration
What is a peptid
a chain of amino acids connected with peptide bonds
What is a polypeptide
peptide made of more than 50 amino acids
When are polypeptides functional
only functional after folding occurred
What is a Primary structure
-linear sequence in polypeptide chain
What can happen if you change one amino acid in a primary structure
It can alter or destroy the function or the structure
What is a secondary structure
The secondary structure is similar to the primary structure with the big difference being that coiling/folding occurs
Why does coiling/folding occur in a secondary structure
due to hydrogen bonding
What are the to types of secondary structures
-Beta (zig-zag)
-Alpha (spiral pattern)
What is a tertiary structure
-folding of protein into 3D shape by R-group
What decides the 3D shape of a tertiary structure
intermolecular reaction of R-group
What is a Quaternary Structure
The linking of several separate polypeptide chains together
What are Protein Prosthetic Group
When proteins can bond with non-proteins called prosthetic groups
What is DNA
-Deoxyribonucleic Acid
-it stores hereditary information
-responsible for inherited traits
What is RNA
-Ribonucleic Acid
-Several forms of RNA is involved in protein synthesis
-Hereditary molecules of some virus
What are the two types of Nitrogenous Bases
- Purines (2 Rings)
-Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) - Pyrimidines
-Thymine (T) , Cytosine (C) and Uracil
What are the three parts to Nucleotide
-Nitrogenous base
-5 - ring ( pentose )
-Phosphate Group
How is Nucleic Acid built together
-DNA and RNA combined by phosphate and sugar thru phosphodiester bonds
-Nitrogenous base held together by hydrogen bonds
What does adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) do
-regulate and adjust cellular activity
-Transport chemical energy from one reaction system to another
