1.5

Question 1

What are proteins

Answer 1

workers of the cells

Question 2

Characteristics of proteins

Answer 2

-most diverse molecule
-polymers that have many subunits
-there are thousands of different proteins

Question 3

What is the composition of protein

Answer 3

-made up of many amino acid monomers

Question 4

What is an amino acid

Answer 4

molecule made up of carboxyl, amino, and H atom

Question 5

How many amino acids are there

Answer 5

-there are 20 amino acids all together

Question 6

How do you obtain essential amino acids and how many are there

Answer 6

-you obtain by dieting and eating certain foods
-there are 8 essential amino acids

Question 7

How do you obtain non-essential amino acids and how many are there

Answer 7

-they are made inside your body
-there are 12 non-essential amino acids

Question 8

how do you build protein

Answer 8

-attaching amino acids into chains, connected by attaching NH2 group to COOH by dehydration

Question 9

What is a peptid

Answer 9

a chain of amino acids connected with peptide bonds

Question 10

What is a polypeptide

Answer 10

peptide made of more than 50 amino acids

Question 11

When are polypeptides functional

Answer 11

only functional after folding occurred

Question 12

What is a Primary structure

Answer 12

-linear sequence in polypeptide chain

Question 13

What can happen if you change one amino acid in a primary structure

Answer 13

It can alter or destroy the function or the structure

Question 14

What is a secondary structure

Answer 14

The secondary structure is similar to the primary structure with the big difference being that coiling/folding occurs

Question 15

Why does coiling/folding occur in a secondary structure

Answer 15

due to hydrogen bonding

Question 16

What are the to types of secondary structures

Answer 16

-Beta (zig-zag)
-Alpha (spiral pattern)

Question 17

What is a tertiary structure

Answer 17

-folding of protein into 3D shape by R-group

Question 18

What decides the 3D shape of a tertiary structure

Answer 18

intermolecular reaction of R-group

Question 18

What is a Quaternary Structure

Answer 18

The linking of several separate polypeptide chains together

Question 19

What are Protein Prosthetic Group

Answer 19

When proteins can bond with non-proteins called prosthetic groups

Question 20

What is DNA

Answer 20

-Deoxyribonucleic Acid
-it stores hereditary information
-responsible for inherited traits

Question 21

What is RNA

Answer 21

-Ribonucleic Acid
-Several forms of RNA is involved in protein synthesis
-Hereditary molecules of some virus

Question 22

What are the two types of Nitrogenous Bases

Answer 22

1. Purines (2 Rings)
   -Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)
2. Pyrimidines
   -Thymine (T) , Cytosine (C) and Uracil

Question 23

What are the three parts to Nucleotide

Answer 23

-Nitrogenous base
-5 - ring ( pentose )
-Phosphate Group

Question 24

How is Nucleic Acid built together

Answer 24

-DNA and RNA combined by phosphate and sugar thru phosphodiester bonds
-Nitrogenous base held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 25

What does adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) do

Answer 25

-regulate and adjust cellular activity
-Transport chemical energy from one reaction system to another