1.3 Flashcards
Facts about carbon
-carbon atoms are the base of organic molecules
-forms back bones of large complex molecules
what type of bonds can carbon form
single, double, and triple bonds
what is a hydrocarbon
molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen
can be branched or unbranched
what is a functional group
a group of atoms that affect the function of a molecule by participating in chemical reactions
Functional groups polar vs non-polar
polar things are involved in the reaction
non-polar things do not interact in the reaction
What is a hydroxyl
-C-OH
Major class of molecule = alcohol
what is a carbonyl
aldehydes:
-C-C=O
|
H
Ketones:
-C-C=O
|
C
What is a carboxyl
-C-COOH
or
=O
-C-C
-OH
Major class of molecule = organic acids
What is an amino
-C-NH2
or
–H
-C-N
–H
Major class of molecule = amino acid
What is Phosphate
-C-PO4^2
or
O
|
-C-O-P-O-
||
O
Major class of molecule = nucleotides, nucleic acids, many other cellular molecules
WHat is a sulfhydryl
-C-SH
Major class of molecule = many cellular molecules
What are some characteristics of functional groups
-makes molecules available for cells so they are water soluble
-Carboxy release protons, act as an acid
-Amino (NH2) accept protons, act as weak base
-Phosphate (H3PO4) loses hydrogen act as acid
what is DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA is an acid
What is a Dehydration Reaction
H2O removal to create large molecules
What is a Hydrolysis Reaction
H2O added as molecules break into small subunits
