1.4 Flashcards
What are Carbohydrates
Large, simple molecules such as C,H,O
What do Carbohydrates do
-preform complex cellular functions
-provides cellular structural support
-energy source
cell to cell communication
-used to build important molecules
What are monosaccharides
-single sugar molecule
-most contain 3,5,6 carbons
-line or ring structures in water
-soluble in water
What is an isomer
something formed from simple sugars
the two types of OH groups
a-glucose = digestible
b-glucose = indigestible
what are Disaccharides
carbohydrates made of two monosaccharides
What are the bonds of Disaccharides
Glycosidic bonds which are bonds of two monosaccharides
What are polysaccharides
more than 2 linked monosaccharides
what is polymerization
the linking of small subunits to make large molecules
What is the difference between monomer and polymer
monomer is a single subunit
polymer is a large molecule formed when monomers are linked together
what is cellulose
provides structural support for plants and is the most abundant molecule
What is starch
something that stores sugar in plants
What is Glycogen
something that stores sugars in animal
What is chitin
The structural component in insects/fungi
What are lipids
Non polar compound made up of mainly C and H and it is Hydrophobic
What ceplext functions do lipids do
-form cell membrane
-energy source
-Hormones
-Waterproofing
-insulation
-cushioning
What are Fatty Acids
-The structural backbone of most Lipids
-made of Carboxyl group and Hydrocarbon chain
What are Fats
A combination of fatty acid + glycerol molecule
What are saturated fats
-composed of saturated fatty acids with single bonds
-Solid at room temperature
What are unsaturated Fats
-unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds
-Liquid at room temperature
What are phospholipids
-two hydrophobic fatty acid tails + hydrophilic phosphate group bound to glycerol head
What are steroids
-4 carbon rings
-small differences in between each side group
What are waxes
-long fatty acid chain joined to alcohol ring /carbon ring
-hydrophobic due to the waterproof coat
