1.1 Flashcards
Organic compounds
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen
Composition of CHON
96%
Atoms are made of what?
Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons
Atomic Mass is calculated how
Protons + Neutron
Isotope is what
Form of elements
Same # of protons and different neutrons
Radioisotope
Unstable isotope decay = radiation
Turns into another elements atom
ionic bonds
Bonds of two oppositely charged atoms
Cation
Positive
Covalent bond
Share valence electrons
Strength depends on electronegativity of the atom
Electronegativity is what
The measure of atoms attraction to electrons
High E.N = attraction of e-
Low E.N. = weak attraction of e-
Polar Molecules
Unequal sharing of e- = different electronegativity = polar covalent bonds
Generally water soluble
Electronegativity of oxygen and nitrogen
High electronegativity
Non polar Molecules
-Equal distribution of charges
-Polar but symmetrical = balanced distribution of charges
-not water soluble
What are intermolecular forces
the force of attraction between molecules
What are hydrogen bonds
-bond between a slightly positive and slightly negative atom
-forms between same or different atoms
-Strongest and biologically most significant form if van der waals forces
Properties of hydrogen bonds
-single H- bonds are weak
-very significant is large numbers = strong
-bio molecules are large = many opportunities for H- bonds
Other van der Waal forces properties
-Very weak attraction between two molecules
-forms when momentary attraction of electron to nuclei
What is a dehydration Rxn
the joining of two molecules with the removal of water
one molecule loses H- atom while the other loses OH group
What is a hydrolysis Rxn
-the splitting of a large molecule with the adding of a water molecule
adds OH group to one adds H- atom to other
What is a neutralization reaction
acid + a base to form water + salt
What is a Redox reaction
electron transfer reaction
most energy transfer within cells
what does LEO stand for
Lose electrons = Oxidation
What does GER stand for
Gain electrons = Reduction
