Nature Vs Nurture (2) Flashcards

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1
Q

Nature

A

Nativist

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2
Q

Nurture

A

Empiricist

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3
Q

Genotypes

A

Individuals inherited genetic makeup

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4
Q

Phenotypes

A

Individuals observable characteristics, traits and behaviours

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5
Q

Genotypes…*

A

React to environmental factors differently to create that individuals phenotype

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6
Q

*differential susceptibility

A

Varying sensitivity to environmental influences

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7
Q

3 ways to test for nature/nurture interactions

A
  • twin studies
  • family studies
  • adoption studies
  • cross fostering with non-human animals
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8
Q

Vocal learning

A

Learn by listening and imitating (8 groups of animals use this) - necessary for human language

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9
Q

Spectrogram*

A

A visual representation of sound

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10
Q

How do male finches vocal learn?

A

Listening to male tutor
Memorising
Practising

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11
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

Rare genetic mutation where body can’t break down phenylalanine (an amino acid found in some foods)

The build up disturbs brain development leading to severe learning difficulties

Detected after birth and if foods are avoided, no neg effect

[example of genotype reacting to env factors to affect phenotype]

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12
Q

Examples of how genes can affect our environment

A

Appearance, personality trait, atypical behaviour

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13
Q

Similar activation in songbirds and humans that are not seen in other animals

A

Activation of 50-70 genes - help to build the circuit that allows humans and birds to learn language

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14
Q

Measuring activity of birds when listening to songs of different kinds of finches

A

Electrode wires can be placed in the brains of finches to measure neuron activity in the listening parts of the brain

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