14.6 Controlling Heart Rate Flashcards

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1
Q

What system is heart rate controlled by?

A

Autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

Where in the brain is heart rate controlled?

A

Medulla oblongata

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3
Q

How many centres does the medulla oblongata have?

A

2

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4
Q

How is heart rate increased (in autonomic nervous system)?

A

Medulla oblongata sends impulses along the sympathetic nervous system (via the accelerator neurone) to the SAN which increases heart rate

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5
Q

How is heart rate decreased (in autonomic nervous system)?

A

Medulla oblongata sends impulses along the parasympathetic nervous system (via the vagus neurone) to the SAN, which decreases the heart rate.

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6
Q

What hormone slows heart rate?

A

Acetyl choline

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7
Q

Which hormones increases heart rate?

A

Adrenaline and noradrenaline

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8
Q

What two types of receptors provide information that effect heart rate?

A

Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors

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9
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect?

A

Changes in levels of a chemical in the blood.

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10
Q

Where are chemoreceptors located?

A

Aorta, medulla, and carotid artery

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11
Q

If carbon dioxide levels increase in the blood, then the pH…?

A

Decreases

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12
Q

Why does the blood become more acidic if carbon dioxide levels increase?

A

Carbonic acid is formed (by the carbon dioxide reacting with the water in the blood).

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13
Q

If there is a high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, does the heart rate increase or decrease and why?

A

Increase, to pump carbon dioxide to lungs, so it can be exhaled.

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14
Q

What do baroreceptors detect?

A

Changes in blood pressure

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15
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

Aorta, vena cava, carotid arteries

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16
Q

If blood pressure is high, does the heart rate increase or decrease?

A

Decrease

17
Q

Adrenaline affects a range of target tissues in the body. Suggest how the adrenaline molecules can cause different effects in different target tissues.

A

Different tissues have different receptors
They have different secondary messengers