13.6 Organisation of the nervous system Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a stimulus?

A

A change

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2
Q

What does myelinated mean?

A

Fat around it

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3
Q

Why do multicellular organisms need coordination? (2 marks)

A

Response to stimulus
Coordinate the function of different cells and systems

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4
Q

State 5 differences between the endocrine and nervous system.

A

E- uses chemicals
N- uses electrical impulses + neurotransmitters

E- travel in blood
N- travel through neurones

E- slower response
N- faster response

E- more wide spread response
N- specific response

E- more permanent
N- doesn’t last long

E- usually non-temporary
N- usually temporary

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5
Q

Both the endocrine and nervous system use cell signalling, what is cell signalling?

A

One cell releases a chemical which affects another cell (target cell).
Receptors (glycoproteins) on membrane (these are complementary to the hormone).
Cascade if events or intermediate

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6
Q

What are the two main parts of the mammalian nervous system, state what they contain?

A

Central nervous system- brain, spinal chord, relay neurones
Perineurial nervous system- sensory + motor neurones

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7
Q

What are the two main parts of the perineural nervous system?

A

Somatic nervous system

Autonomic nervous system

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8
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A

Conscious control
Input from sense organs
Output to skeletal muscles

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9
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A

Subconscious control
Input from internal receptors
Output to smooth muscles and glands

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10
Q

What are the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic motor system
Parasympathetic system

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11
Q

What does the sympathetic motor system do?

A

Increase activity
(Fight or flight, noradrenaline)

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12
Q

What does the parasympathetic motor system do?

A

Slows activity

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13
Q

Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous system (hint: number of neurones).

A

SNS- one neurone
ANS- up to two neurones: preganglionic (myelinated) and postgsnglionic

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14
Q

Compare the neurones involved in the sympathetic and parasympathetic motor systems.

A

S: short preganglionic neurone + long postganglionic neurone

P: long preganglionic neurone + short postganglionic neurone

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