13.6 Organisation of the nervous system Flashcards
What is a stimulus?
A change
What does myelinated mean?
Fat around it
Why do multicellular organisms need coordination? (2 marks)
Response to stimulus
Coordinate the function of different cells and systems
State 5 differences between the endocrine and nervous system.
E- uses chemicals
N- uses electrical impulses + neurotransmitters
E- travel in blood
N- travel through neurones
E- slower response
N- faster response
E- more wide spread response
N- specific response
E- more permanent
N- doesn’t last long
E- usually non-temporary
N- usually temporary
Both the endocrine and nervous system use cell signalling, what is cell signalling?
One cell releases a chemical which affects another cell (target cell).
Receptors (glycoproteins) on membrane (these are complementary to the hormone).
Cascade if events or intermediate
What are the two main parts of the mammalian nervous system, state what they contain?
Central nervous system- brain, spinal chord, relay neurones
Perineurial nervous system- sensory + motor neurones
What are the two main parts of the perineural nervous system?
Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system do?
Conscious control
Input from sense organs
Output to skeletal muscles
What does the autonomic nervous system do?
Subconscious control
Input from internal receptors
Output to smooth muscles and glands
What are the two main parts of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic motor system
Parasympathetic system
What does the sympathetic motor system do?
Increase activity
(Fight or flight, noradrenaline)
What does the parasympathetic motor system do?
Slows activity
Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous system (hint: number of neurones).
SNS- one neurone
ANS- up to two neurones: preganglionic (myelinated) and postgsnglionic
Compare the neurones involved in the sympathetic and parasympathetic motor systems.
S: short preganglionic neurone + long postganglionic neurone
P: long preganglionic neurone + short postganglionic neurone
