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3 anatomy > Nasal cavity > Flashcards

Nasal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

root

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2
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

dorsum

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3
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

tip

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4
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

ala

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5
Q

what is the structure ala?

A

wing of tissue that bounds each nostril

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6
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

nostril

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7
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

septum

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8
Q

name this part of the external nose

A

philtrum of upper lip

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9
Q

what is this structure?

A

nasal bone

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10
Q

what is this structure?

A

nasal cartilages

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11
Q

what local anaesthetic can’t you use near the cartilage? why?

A

adrenaline containing LA
As cartilage doesn’t have a direct blood supply it relies on diffusion from surrounding arteries so vasoconstrictor can stop blood reaching the cartilage so it dies

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12
Q

name this structure

A

nasal bone

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13
Q

name this structure

A

middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone

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14
Q

name this structure

A

inferior nasal concha
bones in their own right

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15
Q

name this structure

A

maxilla

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16
Q

name this structure

A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

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17
Q

name this structure

A

vomer

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18
Q

what are the external superior, inferior and lateral boundaries of the nasal cavity?

A

nasal bones
maxilla

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19
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

crista galli

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20
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

cribriform plate

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21
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

orbital plate

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22
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

ethmoid air cells

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23
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

perpendicular plate

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24
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

middle nasal concha

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25
Q

name this part of the ethmoid bone

A

superior nasal concha

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26
Q

what is the function of crista galli on ethmoid bone?

A

for attachment of dura mater - falx cerebri

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27
Q

what forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

cribriform plate and crista galli of ethmoid bone

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28
Q

what forms the nasal septum?

A

the perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

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29
Q

what is a le fort I fracture?

A

alveolar bone separated from the rest of the maxilla

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30
Q

what is a le fort II fracture?

A

maxilla and nasal bone separated from rest of skull

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31
Q

what is a le fort III fracture?

A

viscerocranium separated from neurocranium

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32
Q

le fort I and III level fractures can disrupt the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone. what is bad about this?

A

danger of infection spreading from the nasal cavity and paranasal siuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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33
Q

what forms the lateral walls of the nasal cavity

A

superior and middle nasal concha of ethmoid

inferior concha

maxilla

perpendicular plate of palatine bone

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34
Q

name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

superior concha

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35
Q

name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

middle concha

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36
Q

name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

inferior concha

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37
Q

name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

maxilla

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38
Q

name this structure of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

perpendicular plate of palatine bone

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39
Q

what forms the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

perpendicular plate of ethmoid
the vomer
septal (hyaline) cartilage

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40
Q

name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

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41
Q

name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

septal (hyaline) cartilage

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42
Q

name this structure of the medial wall of the nasal cavity

A

the vomer

43
Q

what is a septal haematoma?

A

blood blister in the septal (hyaline) cartilage

44
Q

how is a septal haematoma treated? why?

A

incised and drained as it will prevent the diffusion of nutrients into the cartilage resulting in necrosis

45
Q

what are the types of mucosa found in the nasal cavity?

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

respiratory epithelium

olfactory mucosa

46
Q

name this type of epithelium

A

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

47
Q

name this type of epithelium

A

respiratory epithelium

48
Q

name this type of epithelium

A

olfactory mucosa

49
Q

what is the function of keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?

A

protection

50
Q

what is the function of olfactory mucosa?

A

sense of smell

51
Q

what nerve is CNI

A

olfactory nerve

52
Q

which cranial nerve is for sense of smell?

A

CNI - olfactory

53
Q

explain the pathway of special sensory fibres from nose to brain

A

First neurones from the olfactory mucosa

Through the cribriform plate

Synapse in the olfactory bulb

2nd neurones pass down olfactory tract

Ends in temporal lobe

54
Q

name this nerve

A

CNI olfactory

55
Q

name this part of CNI

A

olfactory bulb

56
Q

name this part of CNI

A

olfactory tract

57
Q

what is the special sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity?

A

CNI - olfactory nere

58
Q

what is the somatic sensory nerve supply to the nasal cavity?

A

CNV1 anterosuperiorly
CNV2 posteroinferiorly

59
Q

the nasal cavity is considered to have a dual blood supply. why is this?

A

it is supplied by both the internal and external carotid arteries

60
Q

what branch of the external carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

facial
maxillary

61
Q

what branch of the internal carotid artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

ophthalmic

62
Q

what branch of the ophthalmic artery supplies the nasal cavity?

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

63
Q

what branch of the maxillary artery supplies the nasal cavity?

A

sphenopalatine and greater palatine arteries

64
Q

what branch of the facial artery supplies the nasal cavity?

A

lateral nasal branch of facial
or
septal branch of superior labial

65
Q

what is kiesselbach’s area?

A

an arterial anastomosis on the nasal septum.
its a common site for epistaxis (nose bleeds) as rich blood supply.

66
Q

name this artery

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

67
Q

name this artery

A

sphenopalatine

68
Q

name this artery

A

greater palatine

69
Q

name this artery

A

lateral nasal

70
Q

name this artery

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal

71
Q

name this artery

A

sphenopalatine

72
Q

name this artery

A

greater palatine

73
Q

name this artery

A

septal

74
Q

name this structure

A

superior concha

75
Q

name this structure

A

middle concha

76
Q

name this structure

A

inferior concha

77
Q

what are the functions of the conchae?

A

warm and humidify air
protections from pathogens and particles by trapping them

78
Q

name this space

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

79
Q

name this space

A

superior meatus

80
Q

name this space

A

middle meatus

81
Q

name this space

A

inferior meatus

82
Q

what are paranasal sinuses?

A

air filled spaces within bones surrounding the nasal region

83
Q

name the paranasal sinuses

A

frontal sinuses
maxillary sinuses
ethmoid air cells
sphenoidal sinuses

84
Q

what bone are the frontal sinuses located in?

A

frontal bone

85
Q

what bone are the maxillary sinuses located in?

A

maxillae

86
Q

what bone are the ethmoid air cells located in?

A

ethmoid

87
Q

what bone are the sphenoidal sinuses located in?

A

sphenoid

88
Q

name this sinus

A

frontal sinuses

89
Q

name this sinus

A

ethmoid air cells

90
Q

name this sinus

A

maxillary sinuses

91
Q

name this sinus

A

sphenoidal sinus

92
Q

paranasal sinuses are lined by what?

A

mucous-secreting respiratory mucosa

93
Q

mucous drains into the nasal cavities via what?

A

ostia in the lateral walls of the nasal cavities

94
Q

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain into?

A

the sphenoethmoidal recess

95
Q

where does the ethmoid air cells drain into?

A

middle and superior meatuses

96
Q

where does the frontal sinus drain into?

A

middle meatus

97
Q

where does the maxillary sinus drain into?

A

middle meatus

98
Q

explain nasolacrimal drainage

A

lacrimal gland produces tears
wash over eye
drain into lacrimal sac
then nasolacrimal duct
which drains into inferior meatus of nasal cavity

99
Q

what is sinusitis?

A

inflammation and infection of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses. through trapped infected mucous that cant drain due to cilia or ostia being interfered with

100
Q

name three possible causes of sinusitis

A

infection
allergy
autoimmune issue

101
Q

the painful sensation of sinusitis is provided by what nerve?

A

CNV1 and CNV2

102
Q

maxillary sinusitis is often confused with what?

A

toothache
as the roots of the upper dentition sit very close to floor of maxillary sinus

103
Q

which sinus is predisposed to inflammation? why?

A

maxillary sinus

ostia is located superiorly in the medial wall of the sinus

so mucous has to drain against gravity

3 anatomy (9 decks)

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