145 Pain

Question 1

what chemicals trigger pain

Answer 1

bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, K+, ACh, proteolytic enzymes

Question 2

what neurotransmitter enhance pain sensitivity

Answer 2

prostaglandin, substance P

Question 3

tissue ischemia leads to the accumulation of

Answer 3

lactic acid

Question 4

what are the two primary pain neurotransmitters

Answer 4

substance P and Glutamate

Question 5

how does glutamate induce pain signals

Answer 5

via AMPA and NMDA

Question 6

where do Ad pain fibers terminate

Answer 6

lamina marginalis

Question 7

what is the neurotransmitter in Ad fibers

Answer 7

glutamate

Question 8

do second order neirons cross and ascend in anterolateral tract

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

where do C fibers terminate

Answer 9

substantia gelatinosa

Question 10

what is the primary neurotransmitter of slow pain conduction

Answer 10

substance P

Question 11

where do the paleospinothalamic pathways project in the brainstem

Answer 11

reticular nuclei, tectum of midbrain, periaqueductal grey region

Question 12

what opiate receptors block pain

Answer 12

endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphin

Question 13

what are the components of the analgesia system

Answer 13

periaqueductal grey matter, raphaw magnus, pain inhibitory complex in dorsal horn

Question 14

what are the involved neurotransmitters in pain supression

Answer 14

encephalin, serotonin

Question 15

what is the mechanism of action of enkephalin

Answer 15

inhibits C and Ad fibers

Question 16

why do we have referred pain

Answer 16

2nd order neurons receive mixed visceral and skin sensation

Question 17

ischemia, chemical stimuli, spasm of hollow viscous, overdistention causes

Answer 17

visceral pain

Question 18

hyperalgesia primary comes from ______, secondary from _____

Answer 18

burn, lesions

Question 19

where is the shingles virus located

Answer 19

dorsal root ganglion

Question 20

capsaicin bind to what receptor

Answer 20

TRPV1

Question 21

H+, adenosine, bradykinin, piperine, camphor, venoms bind

Answer 21

TRPV1

Question 22

TRPV1 is upregulated in what disease

Answer 22

crohns disease

Question 23

why does rubbing an injury help reduce pain

Answer 23

stimulation of AB fibers from tactile receptors suppress pain

Question 24

how do local anesthetics work and what reduces the action of them

Answer 24

inhibit Na influx, acidosis reduces effect

Question 25

how do NSAIDS reduce pain

Answer 25

by interfereing with bradykinins and prostaglandins (enhance pain)