145 Pain Flashcards
what chemicals trigger pain
bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, K+, ACh, proteolytic enzymes
what neurotransmitter enhance pain sensitivity
prostaglandin, substance P
tissue ischemia leads to the accumulation of
lactic acid
what are the two primary pain neurotransmitters
substance P and Glutamate
how does glutamate induce pain signals
via AMPA and NMDA
where do Ad pain fibers terminate
lamina marginalis
what is the neurotransmitter in Ad fibers
glutamate
do second order neirons cross and ascend in anterolateral tract
yes
where do C fibers terminate
substantia gelatinosa
what is the primary neurotransmitter of slow pain conduction
substance P
where do the paleospinothalamic pathways project in the brainstem
reticular nuclei, tectum of midbrain, periaqueductal grey region
what opiate receptors block pain
endorphins, enkephalins, dynorphin
what are the components of the analgesia system
periaqueductal grey matter, raphaw magnus, pain inhibitory complex in dorsal horn
what are the involved neurotransmitters in pain supression
encephalin, serotonin
what is the mechanism of action of enkephalin
inhibits C and Ad fibers
why do we have referred pain
2nd order neurons receive mixed visceral and skin sensation
ischemia, chemical stimuli, spasm of hollow viscous, overdistention causes
visceral pain
hyperalgesia primary comes from ______, secondary from _____
burn, lesions
where is the shingles virus located
dorsal root ganglion
capsaicin bind to what receptor
TRPV1
H+, adenosine, bradykinin, piperine, camphor, venoms bind
TRPV1
TRPV1 is upregulated in what disease
crohns disease
why does rubbing an injury help reduce pain
stimulation of AB fibers from tactile receptors suppress pain
how do local anesthetics work and what reduces the action of them
inhibit Na influx, acidosis reduces effect
