1.4.4 Motivation in Theory Flashcards
motivation
the will to work
-comes from enjoyment of work and the desire to achieve certain goals
how can employees be motivated
financial (salary, bonuses) and non-financial (responsbilities, promotions, praise) methods
name the four theories
taylor (scientific management)
maslow (hierarchy of needs)
herzberg (two factor theory)
mayo (human relations theory)
describe taylor’s theory
-identifying most efficient methods and workers
-train remaining workers to work like the best
-pay workers based on productivity e.g. piece rate pay
focuses on breaking down complex tasks into simpler ones, workers have clear instructions and training is provided to achieve maximum efficiency.
managers should maintain close control and supervision over employees and make all decisions
how do business use taylor’s theory?
-employees are only trained to perform one specific task- expertise in it
-usually paid per piece rate
advantages of taylor’s theory
-increased efficiency
-standardised procedures reduce errors
-clear hierarchy means more efficient decision making and communication
-improved training leads to high job performance
disadvantages of taylor’s theory
-overemphasis on efficiency can reduce worker’s job satisfaction and creativity
-work can become repetitive
-limited applicability
-potential for exploitation
describe maslow’s theory
hierarchy of needs:
-self actualisation
-esteem
-social
-safety
-physiological needs
a business should offer different incentives to workers in order to help the fulfill each need in turn to progress up
advantages of maslow’s theory
-higher employee satisfaction= increased productivity
-increased motivation as they offer incentives that align specifically with them
-improved performance as they feel valued and supported
disadvantages of maslow’s theory
-one size does not fit all- individual needs need to be met, on a more personal scale
-expensive as individual needs can be costly e.g. a company car
-time-consuming as it requires effort from management to connect with each individual so they feel valued and recognised
describe herzberg’s theory
motivators and hygiene factors
-motivators directly motivate people to work harder
e.g. giving responsbility, recognition for good work, opportunities for promotion
-hygiene factors can de-motivate if not present, but do not motivate them to work any harder
e.g. pay, working conditions, job security, policies and rules, supervisor quality
describe mayo’s theory
he believed that workers are not concerned with money, but also by having their social needs met whilst at work
-managers taking more of an interest in their workers, treating them as people who have worthwhile opinions and enjoy interactions
examples of motivators in mayo’s theory
-improved communication between managers and workers
-greater manager involvement in employees working lives
-working in groups or teams
how do businesses use mayo’s approach?
-empowering employees in decision-making
-team building activities used to build relationships
-providing feedback and recognition
-creating a positive work environment with open communication and support available
advantages of mayo’s theory
-improved job satisfaction
-increased productivity
-stronger teams and communication
