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Therio > 1.4.1 Parturition > Flashcards

1.4.1 Parturition Flashcards

1
Q

how can we predict parturition?

A
  • Use of dates
  • Progesterone drop
  • Use of physical changes
  • Behavioural changes
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2
Q

physical changes associated with impending parturition

A

– Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
– Poor tail tone
– Filling of udder
– Filling of teats
– Drop in body temperature

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3
Q

bitch gestation length

A

– 63 days +/- 1 day, from ovulation

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4
Q

queen gestation length

A
  • Queen – 58-68 days
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5
Q

cow gestation length

A

278-293 days

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6
Q

mare gestation length

A

341 days +/- 2-3 weeks!!

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7
Q

ewe gestation length

A

144-151

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8
Q

doe gestation length

A

147-155

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9
Q

Progesterone drop is how accurate for predicting parturition in the cow? is this practical?

A

In cow, P4<1 ng/ml is 99% accurate in predicting parturition in next 12 hrs
– Expensive, not practical

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10
Q

what is the prepartum progesterone drop associated with in the bitch?

A

In bitch, drop in P4 prepartum is seen as a drop in rectal temperature of 1-2 degrees C

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11
Q

can we use a prepartum progesterone drop to predict parturition in the mare?

A

Not useful in mare – too close, too unpredictable

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12
Q

Physical Signs of Impending Parturition for cow

A

Changes in body shape
* Mammary gland development
* Milk vein engorgement
* Poor tail tone

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13
Q

Signs of Impending Parturition - Mares

A
  • Relaxation of pelvic ligaments
  • Belly drops
  • Mammary gland development
  • Milk vein engorgement
  • Milk electrolyte and pH changes
  • Expulsion of mucus plug from cervix
  • Filling of the teats
  • Waxing
  • Lengthening of the vulva
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14
Q

how do the udder and teats of a mare change as parturition approaches?

A

Growth of the udder occurs in the last 2 –4 weeks
Waxing of the teats usually within 48 hours before birth
* Changes in milk composition

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15
Q

how does the pH of mare;s milk indicate fetal readiness for birth?

A
  • Using standard pH strips, milk can be tested to determine fetal readiness
  • When pH drops below 6.4: Most mares foal within next 24hrs.
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16
Q

how do milk electrolytes change near parturition?

A

-calcium levels rise >200ppm
-sodium drops, potassium rises => potassium becomes dominant over sodium

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17
Q

stage 1 of labour

A

Stage One–Uterine contractions, repositioning of fetus, dilation of cervix

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18
Q

stage 2 of labour

A

Stage Two – Rupture of chorioallantois and delivery of the foal

19
Q

stage 3 of labour

A
  • Stage Three – Passage of the placenta
20
Q

signs of stage 1 labour in the cow

A

-anorexia, arched back, restless elevated tail

21
Q

signs of stage 1 labour in the mare

A

-anorexia, colicky, patchy, sweating, frequent urination/defacation

22
Q

signs of stage 1 labour in the bitch

A

-panting, vomiting, nesting, restless

23
Q

signs of stage 1 labour in the ewe/doe

A

-separate from flock, nesting, restless

24
Q

length of stage 1 and stage 2 labour in the cow?

A

1: 1-24 hr (avg 6)
2: 1-8 hr-Cow vs heifer

25
Q

length of stage 1 and stage 2 labour in the mare?

A

1: 0.5- 6hr (avg 2)
2: 5-30min (15 min)

26
Q

length of stage 1 and stage 2 labour in the bitch?

A

1: 6 – 12 hr
2: variable (avg 3-6hr) avg 30 mins/pup

27
Q

length of stage 1 and stage 2 labour in the ewe/doe?

A

1: 1-6 hrs
2: 1 hr (2 for multiples)

28
Q

length of stage 3 labour (passing of the placenta) in the cow:

A

6-12h

29
Q

length of stage 3 labour (passing of the placenta) in the mare:

A

<3 hours

30
Q

length of stage 3 labour (passing of the placenta) in the ewe/doe:

A

1-12hours

31
Q

length of stage 3 labour (passing of the placenta) in the bitch/queen:

A

passed with litter

32
Q

Fetal Positioning in Late Gestation in the Mare

A
  • By about 8 months the hind feet become trapped by the limb horn
  • Holds fetus in this position until term
33
Q

how long does stage 1 labour last in the mare? are there outward signs? what are they?

A
  • Lasts from 30 minutes to 4 hours or more
  • Sometimes no outward signs
  • Anorexia, restlessness, patchy sweating, switching of tail, laying down
34
Q

how does stage 2 labour for the mare begin? how fast is delivery of the foal?

A
  • Begins with breaking of the water
  • Rupture of chorioallantois occurs at cervical star
  • Delivery of the foal is rapid in the mare
  • Lasts from 5 min to 30 minutes
35
Q

what appears at the vulva of the mare soon after the water breaks?

A
  • Soon after the water breaks –
  • appearance of grey- white amniotic sac at vulva
36
Q

what position does the mare assume for stage 2 labour? describe the contractions and how the foal will look when it first peeks out.

A
  • Lateral recumbancy
  • Contractions/ pushes occur in groups of 3 or 4 then short rest
  • One front foot ahead of the other with head lying on top
36
Q

what position does the mare assume for stage 2 labour? describe the contractions and how the foal will look when it first peeks out.

A
  • Lateral recumbancy
  • Contractions/ pushes occur in groups of 3 or 4 then short rest
  • One front foot ahead of the other with head lying on top
37
Q

foal is normally born within what?

A
  • Normally born within the amniotic sac
38
Q

Once the front half of the foal is delivered, what part of the foal often remains in the mare?

A

hindlegs

39
Q

how does the umbilical cord break in the horse parturition?

A

The foal’s initial movements usually result in breaking of the cord and delivery of the hindlegs

40
Q

how fast after birth will the foal stand and nurse?

A
  • Within minutes the foal will sit in sternal (on chest)
  • Should be standing within 1-2 hours and nursing within 2-4 hours ————Colostrum
41
Q

at what point is a mare placenta considered retained?

A
  • Delivery of placenta
  • Should occur within 3 hours of delivery or is considered retained in the mare
  • Important to evaluate placenta for intactness and problems
42
Q

what is the “Red Bag” Delivery in Mares? what do we do if we see this?

A

Appearance of the red velvety chorion at vulva instead of white-ish amnion
* Absolute emergency
* Premature separation of chorion from uterus
* Hypoxemia of foal

-Break membrane and deliver foal immediately

43
Q

when is help needed at parturition for the mare?

A
  • Failure of delivery to progress as expected is cause for alarm
  • Absence of correct presentation of head & limbs
  • Nose or foot coming out of mare’s rectum instead of vagina
  • Mare straining for more than 20 minutes with no progress

Therio (13 decks)

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