1.1 Female Repro Organs

Question 1

layers and their functions - female internal gentialia

Answer 1

serosa - cover and containment
muscuarlis - contraction (Transport of gametes & parturition)
Submucosa - Housekeeping & Supporting role (Nerves, blood vessels & lymphatics)
Mucosa - Secretory (Varies with region)

Question 2

Oviduct components and functions

Answer 2

infundibulum - contains fimbriae to cellect egg from ovary
apulla - >1/2 oviduct length, fern-like mucosal folds; site for fertlization
isthmus - connects to uterus; uterotubal junction; physical barrier helping to prevent polyspermy

Question 3

type of uterus in our common domestic species

Answer 3

bicornuate

Question 4

uterine layers

Answer 4

Perimetrium: Serosa
Myometrium: Muscularis
Endometrium: Mucosa + Submucosa

Question 5

metritis vs endometritis

Answer 5

Metritis: Inflammation of endometrium, underlying glandular tissues and the muscular layer.

Endometritis: Inflammation of the endometrium and underlying glandular tissue

Question 6

5 primary functions of the uterus

Answer 6

1. transport and storage of sperm
2. luteolysis and control of cyclicity
3. environment for pre-attachment of embryos
4. maternal-fetal interactions through placenta
5. expulsion of the fetus and fetal placenta

Question 7

what species have cervical rings?

Answer 7

cow, ewe, sow

Question 8

surface of cervix has what microscopic features of its surface and cells?

Answer 8

• many crypts and folds covered with columnar epithelium
  -some cells are ciliated, others produce mucin-containing protein

Question 9

what does the mare have instead of cervical rings?

Answer 9

longitudinal cervical folds

Question 10

what special feature does the sow cervix have?

Answer 10

interdigitating prominences

Question 11

what does the cervix produce during estrous?

Answer 11

mucus that lubricates the vagina during copulation.

Question 12

what role does the cervix play in removing foreign material introduced during copulation?

Answer 12

foreign material (and some sperm) are flushed out by cervical mucus

Question 13

how does the cervix alter sperm numbers?

Answer 13

reduces via acidity

Question 14

what happens to the cervix during pregnancy?

Answer 14

seals up to isolates conceptus from external environment

Question 15

what does the cervix protect against in non-pregnant animals?

Answer 15

bacterial and fungal infections

Question 16

what is the fornix? where and in what species do we find it?

Answer 16

-in cow and mare, cervix protrudes into the anterior vagina forming this pocket

Question 17

how does the mucosal surface of the cranial and caudal vagina differ?

Answer 17

caudal - stratified squamous epithelium
cranial - columnar epithelium

Question 18

what is the vulva? what is the commissure? what structure does it contain?

Answer 18

-vulva is the external part of the female repro tract
-major and minor labia meet in the medial part to form the commisure
-ventral commisure houses the clitoris fossa and clitoris

Question 19

how is transport of hormones between reproductive organs acheived?

Answer 19

counter-current transport - close apposition of blood vessels and lymphatics