14. Urban UK/Bristol Flashcards
1
Q
How might distribution of the UK population change?
A
- general drift towards South East England and London
- immigration has been greater than emigration since 1997 and immigrants generally settle in larger cities with better job opportunities
- rural-urban migration
2
Q
What is some general info about bristol?
A
- it has a population of 440,500 and is the largest city in South West England
- has 2 univerisities and largest silicon manafacture outside of California
- 8th most popular UK tourist destination
3
Q
Why is Bristol an important international city?
A
- hold a strategic place on the M4 with good connections to London
- has rail and ferry services to Europe
- Bristol airport links european cities and the USA
- high levels of inward investment to high tech and global industries (finance, tech)
- university
4
Q
What have migrants done to Bristol?
A
- helped the city’s cultural scene
- mainly young migrants help to balance out aeging population
- pressure on housing and employment
- improvements in skills levels
5
Q
How is Bristol changing?
A
- bristol’s population is growing rapidly and becoming more ethnically diverse
- electrification of rail line to London (so journey is only 70 mins)
6
Q
What are the shopping opportunites in Bristol / Cabot Circus?
A
- £500 million cost, contains a cinema, hotel (Cabot Circus)
- improved shopping facilities were needed to reduce crime, compete with other cities and attract employment
- Cabot circus helped this along with CCTV in the CBD to improve security and developing public transport
7
Q
What is the Bristol Harbourside?
A
- project to regenerate the central part of the city, in which workshops have been converted into bars and nightclubs
- also a harbourside festival here (300,000 spectators)
8
Q
How has the industry in Bristol changed?
A
- was used as a port but after it’s closure many warehouses were left empty
- development has generally been into tertiary and quaternary sectors
- employment growth is higher than UK average
9
Q
Why have high tech industries come to Bristol/
A
- government 100£ million grant to become a super connected city with broadband speeds of at least 80 mbps
- close links between city council and the university
- educated and skilled workforce
- advanced research at the uni
- clean and non polluted environment
HAS THE LARGEST CONCENTRATION OF SILICON DESIGN BUSINESSES OUTSIDE CALIFORNIA
10
Q
What has the effect of the Defence Procurement Agency been on Bristol?
A
- employs over 10,000 people
- supplies the army, navy and air force
- need for housing due to this agency lead to urban sprawl
- (built on greenfield land)
11
Q
What has been the effect of the aerospace industry on Bristol?
A
- 14 of the largest aircraft manafacturers are here (inc Rolls Royce and Airbus)
- areas like Filton Enterprise Area have become established hubs for cutting edge aviation tech
12
Q
How has Bristol’s environment been affected?
A
- bristol is the first uk european green city
- 100 electric car charging points installed in 2015
- development of renewable energy
13
Q
What is the info about Bristol’s integrated transport system?
A
- bristol has 57% of people walking or cycling (higher than any other UK city)
- the whole city is inked via an integrated transport system that spans and links different public transport across the city
- this will mean journeys are smoother and it easier to switch away from cars
- e.g links between Temple Meads railway station and Bristol’s park and ride schemes
14
Q
What have the urban greening intiatives in Bristol been?
A
- more than 33% of Bristol is open space
- 27% of the city is to be part of a wildlife network
- 30% of the city will be covered with trees
15
Q
What are the main (urban) environment challenges in Bristol?
A
- industrial buildings that are no longer used have become derelict (mainly inner city)
- demand for new housing has lead to urban sprawl
16
Q
Where is stokes croft and what is being done to improve it? (bristol)
A
- its the inner city area which consists of the derelict housing and abandoned properties
- many houses have squatters and the area has suffered riots
- Bristol city council have used lottery grants to improve the area, which is now known for shops and nightclubs
17
Q
What is being done to reduce urban sprawl in Bristol?
A
- between 2006 and 2013 only 6% of new developments have been on greenfield land
- by 2026, 30000 homes are planned on brownfield sites
- e.g Bristol Harbourside is brownfield
18
Q
What is Finzels Reach?
A
- 2 hectare brownfield site near the CBD
- facades of old buildings have been retained but have turned into office spaces, shops and 400 apartments
19
Q
What is Bristol’s problem with waste?
A
- the city produces more than 500million tonnes of waste per year
- it is among the worst cities for food waste
20
Q
How is Bristol reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal?
A
- redcuing amount of waste to landfill
- redcuing waste produced by households (down 15%)
- increasing waste recyling to 50%
- bristols population has grown by 9% since 2000 and waste is down 18%
- they have made technological improvements to recylcing
- and have educated pupils on the importance of recycling
21
Q
How many people die in Bristol per year due to atmospheric pollution?
A
- 200 people a year
- it is the most congested city in england
22
Q
How is Bristol redcuing it’s atmospheric pollution?
A
- reducing speed limits on motorways and residential areas
- the Frome Gateway which is a walking and cycling route in the city centre
- an electric vehicle charging program
- an app for public transport
23
Q
What is the info about the Bristol Poo Bus?
A
- runs on human and food waste
- transports between Bath and Bristol Airport
- annual waste of 5 people can be used by the vehicle to travel 300km
24
Q
What are some facts about Filwood (Bristol)
A
- top 10% for socially deprived areas in the country
- 50% of properties are rented from council
- over 1300 crimes a year
- above average teen conception rate
- poor access to shops selling healthy fruits and veg
- only 36% of students get top graden is GCSE english and Maths
- 33% of people ages 16-24 are unemployed
25
Q
What are some facts about Stoke Bishop (Bristol)?
A
- affluent suburb in the North West
- home to many millionaires
- less than 300 crimes per year
- 81% of housing is owner occupied
- 3% of people are unemployed
- 50% of the population have a degree
- 94% of 16 year olds get highest GCSE gardes
- highest level of car ownership in the city
26
Q
What is the Bristol-Bath green belt?
A
- green belt between bristol and bath to stop the merging of the 2 cities
27
Q
What is the Harry Stoke development (bristol) and why did local people object?
A
- due to shortage of houses, houses are being built on greenfield land (one such place is Harry Stoke in Gloucestershire)
- 2000 homes to be built
- local people object due to increased congestion (and pollution) so less QOL
- impacts on ecosystem and loss of open space
28
Q
What is the Bristol Harbourside Brownfield scheme and what are the costs and benefits?
A
- the re-use of former industrial buildings for residential and commercial purposes
- some people say costs of flats are too high for those waiting
- however the run down area of the city has been regenerated
- people still live in the city centre, so it is not dead in the evenings
29
Q
Why would you regenerate run down urban areas?
A
- existing buildings can eb used in new developments
- land is disuses (cheap?)
- site has been developed prior so reduces urban sprawl
- sites are in urban areas already so reduce the need for cars
30
Q
Why did the Temple Quarter need regeneration?
A
- it was extremely run down, and it was the first part of the city people from the South dirving in saw (bad first impression)
31
Q
What are the 3 key aspects of the Temple Quarter regeneration?
A
- Enterprise Zone Status - enterprise zones encourage economic growth and create jobs and offer business incentives (such as low rent, business rate relief, laxer planning regulations)
- improved access in and around Bristol - electrification of rail of London, improvements to Temple Meads railway station, improved cycle paths and roads
- access to new Bristol Arena
32
Q
How has the Temple Quarter been regenerated and what may this lead to?
A
- target is to create 4000 jobs by 2020 and 17000 by 2037
- Brunel’s Engine shed
- Temple Meads Station
- Arena Island - with new Bristol Arena
- Electrification of rail line to London
- Glass Wharf - new office development
- 240,000 m2 of new building (offices, homes and shops)
33
Q
What is the info about the Bristol Arena?
A
- will be surrounded by cafes, offices and flats in and around Arena Island
- seating for theatres and conventions of 4000 people or sporting events up to 12000 people
- area will be a place people will visit whether an event is on or not
34
Q
What is the info about Brunel’s Engine Shed?
A
- £1.7 million Innovation Centre
- home to high tech and creative industries (18 micro electronic companies, 62 companies total)
- superfast broadband here
