1.4 Structure & How it codes

Question 1

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 1

Double helix

Question 2

DNA is a p_______ made up of lots of m________

Answer 2

Polymer, monomers

Question 3

What is a monomer made up of?

Answer 3

A nucleotide

Question 4

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Answer 4

A phosphate, a sugar and a base

Question 5

How many different types of bases are there?

Answer 5

4

Question 6

What are the different types of bases?

Answer 6

A,T,C,G

Question 7

What is the ‘A’ base called?

Answer 7

Adenine

Question 8

What is the ‘T’ base called?

Answer 8

Thymine

Question 9

What is the ‘C’ base called?

Answer 9

Cytosine

Question 10

What is the ‘G’ base called?

Answer 10

Guanine

Question 11

How do the nucleotides join together in a long chain?

Answer 11

The phosphates and sugars join together

Question 12

What is the structure of the sugar and phosphate joining together called?

Answer 12

Sugar-Phosphate backbone

Question 13

What are the complementary bases that pair up together?

Answer 13

A and T
C and G

Question 14

What is meant by ‘genetic code’

Answer 14

The sequence of bases

Question 15

Subsequently, what is meant by ‘a gene’

Answer 15

A particular sequence of bases that code for a protein

Question 16

What is a group of 3 bases called?

Answer 16

A triplet

Question 17

What do triplets code for?

Answer 17

Specific amino acids

Question 18

Why do we have many different protein shapes?

Answer 18

Each protein has a different sequence of amino acids meaning a unique shape, they then carry out a particular function

Question 19

What are the main three uses of proteins?

Answer 19

• Enzymes
• Hormones
• Structural proteins

Question 20

What do enzymes do?

Answer 20

They act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

Question 21

What do hormones do?

Answer 21

They send messages around the body

Question 22

What do structural proteins do?

Answer 22

Add strength to cells and tissues

Question 23

Sequences/bases/protein/shapes
1. The sequence of _____ in DNA determines the ___________ of amino acids in the chain.
2. The chain of amino acids (a ‘polypeptide’), then folds up to form a _______.
3. Different sequences of amino acids lead to proteins with different _______.
4. This allows different proteins to carry out different functions.

Answer 23

Bases, sequence, protein, shapes