1.4 Structure & How it codes Flashcards
What is the structure of DNA?
Double helix
DNA is a p_______ made up of lots of m________
Polymer, monomers
What is a monomer made up of?
A nucleotide
What is a nucleotide made up of?
A phosphate, a sugar and a base
How many different types of bases are there?
4
What are the different types of bases?
A,T,C,G
What is the ‘A’ base called?
Adenine
What is the ‘T’ base called?
Thymine
What is the ‘C’ base called?
Cytosine
What is the ‘G’ base called?
Guanine
How do the nucleotides join together in a long chain?
The phosphates and sugars join together
What is the structure of the sugar and phosphate joining together called?
Sugar-Phosphate backbone
What are the complementary bases that pair up together?
A and T
C and G
What is meant by ‘genetic code’
The sequence of bases
Subsequently, what is meant by ‘a gene’
A particular sequence of bases that code for a protein
What is a group of 3 bases called?
A triplet
What do triplets code for?
Specific amino acids
Why do we have many different protein shapes?
Each protein has a different sequence of amino acids meaning a unique shape, they then carry out a particular function
What are the main three uses of proteins?
- Enzymes
- Hormones
- Structural proteins
What do enzymes do?
They act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions
What do hormones do?
They send messages around the body
What do structural proteins do?
Add strength to cells and tissues
Sequences/bases/protein/shapes
1. The sequence of _____ in DNA determines the ___________ of amino acids in the chain.
2. The chain of amino acids (a ‘polypeptide’), then folds up to form a _______.
3. Different sequences of amino acids lead to proteins with different _______.
4. This allows different proteins to carry out different functions.
Bases, sequence, protein, shapes
