1.2 Chromosome, Genome and Migration

Question 1

What is DNA?

Answer 1

The chemical that all our genetic material is made of

Question 2

Is DNA is a polymer or monomer?

Answer 2

Polymer

Question 3

What is meant by the term polymer?

Answer 3

Made up of lots of similar units stuck together

Question 4

What is the structure of DNA called?

Answer 4

Double helix

Question 5

How many sections is DNA separated into?

Answer 5

46 sections

Question 6

What does one chromosome of DNA consist of?

Answer 6

A tight coil

Question 7

What is meant by a ‘chromosome pair’

Answer 7

One same chromosome type from your father, and one from your mother

Question 8

What is a gene?

Answer 8

A small section of DNA that codes for a particular type of protein

Question 9

When amino acids are combined into a particular sequence, what do they form?

Answer 9

A protein

Question 10

How many types of amino acids are there?

Answer 10

20

Question 11

Using 20 amino acids, how many proteins can be made?

Answer 11

1000s

Question 12

What protein would a red blood cell contain, and why?

Answer 12

Haemoglobin - it transports oxygen around the body

Question 13

What is meant by genome?

Answer 13

The entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 14

How can we use genomes to benefit us?

Answer 14

• Scientists can use genomes to identify which genes cause diseases (inherited diseases)
• We can use genomes to track the migration of our ancestors

Question 15

What gene increases your risk of breast cancer?

Answer 15

BRCA

Question 16

How can doctors and scientists use genes to benefit us?

Answer 16

• Doctors are able to choose treatments that are more effective
• Scientists can use this information to develop better treatments