1.4 Proteins Flashcards
What are the 5 different types of proteins?
Hormones
Antibodies
Receptors
Enzymes
Structural
What is a structural protein?
A protein that provides support to the cell/organism
What is an antibody?
Protect the body from pathogens (disease)
What is a receptor protein?
Proteins found on the surface of the cell that allow the transmission of signals across the cell membrane
What is an enzyme?
A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions and remains unchanged in the process
What is a hormone?
A chemical messenger
What is a protein made out of?
A chain of amino acids, the order of which determines the structure and therefore function of the protein
What is a substrate?
The molecule the enzyme is working on
What is the active site?
The part of the enzyme the substrate attaches to, complementary with and specific to the enzyme’s specific substrate
What are the 2 types of reaction?
Synthesis (the building up of molecules)
Degradation (the breaking down of molecules)
What are 2 examples of enzyme reactions?
Hydrogen Peroxide with Catalase breaks down into Oxygen and Water (HPCOW)
Starch with Amylase breaks down into Maltose (SAM)
What factors affect the activity of enzymes?
Temperature and pH
What is the optimum temperature for most human enzymes?
37 degrees celsius
What is the denaturing of enzymes?
When the pH or temperature gets too extreme, the active site of the enzyme permanently changes, meaning that they can no longer bond with their specific substrate
