1.4 Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

What are the types of joints

Answer 1

Hinge- knee and elbow

Ball and socket-hip and shoulder

Question 2

Movements at both joints

Answer 2

Hinge
Flexion and exertion
Planter flexion and dorsi flexion

Ball and socket
Flexion and extension
Abduction and adduction
Rotation

Question 3

Bones at the main joints

Answer 3

Elbow - humerus, radius, ulna
Knee- femur and tibia
Ankle- talus, tibia, fibula

Hip- femur and pelvis
Shoulder- humerus and scapula

Question 4

What are the three planes and the three axis

Answer 4

Plane. Axes
Sagittal Transverse
Frontal Sagittal
Transverse Longitudinal

Question 5

Sagittal plane transverse axes

Answer 5

Planes on the Side and Top
Can only move back and forward
Eg running

Question 6

Frontal plane Sagittal axes

Answer 6

Planes on the front and back
Axes Through stomach
Eg cartwheel

Question 7

Transverse plane Longitudinal axes

Answer 7

Planes on top
Axes head to toe
Eg front slip or ice skating spin

Question 8

What are antagonist pairs
And example

Answer 8

Muscles that work together to provide movement at a joint

Agonist- contracts and shorten
Antagonist- relaxes and lengthens

Eg bicep curl
Agonist bicep (contracts shortens) and antagonist tricep (relaxes lengthens)
Movement flexion bones- humerus, unla, radius

Question 9

What are isotonic contractions
And what are the two types

Answer 9

Muscle length changes causing movement
Concentric - muscle contracts and shortens under tension
Eccentric- muscle relaxes and lengthens

Question 10

What is an isometric contraction

Answer 10

Muscle under tension but no visible movement eg crucifix, wall sit

Question 11

Agonist and antagonist at main joints

Answer 11

Agonist Antagonist
Elbow flexion- Bicep Tricep
Ankle Planter flexion Gastrocnemius. Tibialis anterior
Knew flexion. Hamstrings. Quadriceps
Hip flexion. Hip flexors. Gluteals
Hip adduction. Adductors Tensor fascia latae
Shoulder flexion. Anterior deltoid. Latissimus dorsi
Shoulder horizontal adduction- Pectorals. Latissimus dorsi
Shoulder abduction. Middle deltoid. Posterior deltoid

Question 12

Forehand stroke at tennis
Bones
Joint
Muscles - Agonist and antagonist pairs
Movement

Answer 12

Horizontal adduction
Agonist - pectorals
Antagonist - latissimus dorsi
Ball and socket joint
Bones- scapula and humerus

Question 13

Weight lifter performing a squat
Joint action
Main agonist
Muscle contraction at hip and ankle

Answer 13

Dorsi flexion at ankle
Agonist - tibialis anterior
Antagonist - gastrocnemius

Hip flexion
Agonist - hip flexors
Antagonist-gluteals

Eccentric

Question 14

Downwards phase of a press up
Agonist and antagonist
Type of contraction
Joint movement

Answer 14

Elbow flexion
Agonist - tricep
Antagonist- bicep
Eccentric contraction