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PE Mrs Rex -Year One > 1.1 CardioVascular System > Flashcards

1.1 CardioVascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does health and fitness mean

A

Health - state of complete physical, mental and social well-being not just absence of disease.

Fitness- ability to meet and cope with the demands of the environment.

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2
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart

A

Left atrium
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Right ventricle

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3
Q

What is the cardiac conduction system
And what does myogenic mean

A

System that causes your heart to beat
Heart is myogenic- produces its own pulse

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4
Q

Outline the cardiac conduction system

A

SAN
Atrial systole
Avn
Bundle of his
Bundle branches
purkinje fibres
Ventricular systole

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5
Q

What does diastole mean

A

The heart relaxes and fills up with blood
Increasing pressure in chamber

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6
Q

What does systole mean
Atrial systole
Ventricular systole

A

Heart contracts
Atrial systole - atriums contract forcing blood into ventricles
Ventricular systole- ventricles contract

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7
Q

Pathway of the blood

A

Vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary semi lunar valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventrical
Aortic semi lunar
Aorta
Body

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8
Q

Nervous systems affecting heart rate

A

Sympathetic NS- increase HR for exercuse

Parasympathetic NS- returns Hr to resting levels after exercise

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9
Q

What are the neaural control mechanisms for HR

A

Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Proprioceptors

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10
Q

What do these receptors do
chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Proprioceptors

A

Chemoreceptors- Detect increase in CO2 —> to increase HR
Baroreceptors-Detect change in blood pressure —> decrease HR
Proprioceptors- detect increase in muscle movement —> increase HR

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11
Q

What is stroke volume
Average stroke volume is…

A

Volume of blood pumped out the heart ventricles per beat
70ml

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12
Q

What is cardiac output

A

Volume of blood pumped out the left ventrical per minute

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13
Q

What is HR

A

Number of beats per minute
Average- 70

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14
Q

Equation for cardiac output

A

Cardiac output (l/m) = stroke volume (l) x HR (b/pm)

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15
Q

What does cardiac hypertrophy mean
What does bradycardia mean

A

Cardiac hypertrophy- Thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger

Bradycardia- decrease in resting HR below 60 bpm

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16
Q

What is anticipatory rise

A

Slight increase in Hr before exercise due to expectation of exercise
Happens due to adrenaline

17
Q

Short term effects of exercise

A

Increase HR due to anticipatory rise
Increase stroke volume due to stronger ventricular contractions
Increase cardiac output

18
Q

Long term effects of exercise

A

-decrease resting Hr bradycardia
-cardiac hypertrophy - bump greater volume of blood
-increase number of capillaries
-increase number of red blood cells = more oxygen
-lungs become stronger
-reduction in health risks eg cardiovascular disease, diabetes

19
Q

Why does blood redistribute around the body during exercise

A

To get more blood (oxygen) to the working muscles to provide more energy

20
Q

What is the Bohr shift
During exercise the curve shifts to the right, what is this ?

A

This is called the Bohr shift
It’s caused by an increase in CO2, increase blood temp and increase in blood acidity.
More oxygen is being released from the haemoglobin Important for exercise as it provides more oxygen to the working muscles to provide energy

21
Q

What is venous return

A

Return of blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava

22
Q

What is stirlings law

A

Venous return = stroke volume
Whatever gets pumped into the heart gets pumped out the heart

23
Q

What are the 6 venous return mechanisms

A

The skeletal muscle pump
The reporatory pump
Pocket valves
Smooth muscle in walls of viens- helps squeez blood back to heart
Gravity -helps blood return to the heart from upper body
Suction pump action of the heart

24
Q

What does the skeletal pump do

A

When muscles relax and contract they press on nearby veins causing a pumping effect squeezing blood towards the heart

25
Q

What does the respiratory pump do

A

When we breath our chest and stomach cavity’s change size compressing nearby veins pushing blood back to the heart

26
Q

What do pocket valves do

A

Prevent the back-flow of blood making it flow in one direction towards the heart

27
Q

What is blood pressure and how does it change during exercise

A

Blood pressure- the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls

During exercise blood pressure increases due to increase in cardiac output meaning more blood in flowing through the body As working muscles need more oxygen.

28
Q

What is cardiovascular drift

A

Happens during prolonged exercise (10 mins) in a warm environment where cardiac output increases.
Stroke volume decreases due to Water loss from sweating reding the amount of plasma in the blood
This leads to a decrease in stroke volume as HR has increased so not as much blood needs to be pushed out per contraction.

29
Q

What is A-Vo2 difference

A

Difference between oxygen content in atrial blood and venous blood

Atrial blood- arriving at the muscles
Venous blood- leaving the muscles

30
Q

Why is a trained athletes A-vo2 higher than an untrained person
And why does A-vo2 increase during matches

A

Higher A-Vo2 due to more capillaries, higher stricken volume, cardiac hypertrophy meaning more blood getting to working muscles so more myoglobin and more 02

Increases during exercise as you need more oxygen to your working muscles les to provide yourself more energy and delay the effects of fatigue,

31
Q

What do veins do and characteristics

A

Carry blood towards the heart
No stretch
Thin layer of smooth muscle
Large lumen
Pocket valves

32
Q

Why are cool downs important

A

-prevent blood pooling
-keep muscles contracting- skeletal pump
-keep breathing rate up -respiratory pump
^ maintaining venous return - delays doms

33
Q

Explain how redistribution of blood is achieved during exercise
Gut and muscles

A

Less blood flow in the stomach at exercise as message is sent from vaso motor centre to atries to vaso constrict at the gut and vaso dilate at muscles so more oxygen can get to the working muscles providing them with more energy.

34
Q

What is vascular shunt mechanism

A

The redirecting of blood flow to areas where its most needed.

35
Q

What is myoglobin

A

Oxygen stored in muscle fibres

36
Q

How do you calculate maximum Hr

A

220- age

37
Q

Why does blood flow to the brain remain the same
Why does more blood go to the skin during exerciise

A

To maintain brain functioning as the brain needs oxygen for energy.

More blood goes to the skin because the energy is needed to cool the body down

PE Mrs Rex -Year One (8 decks)

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