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Anatomy > 14 - Intestines > Flashcards

14 - Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the divisions of the small intestine

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the large intestine

A

caecum
colon
rectum
anal canal

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3
Q

What structures does the celiac trunk supply

A

stomach
pancreas
duodenum
liver

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4
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

SI and 1/3 large intestine

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5
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

distal 2/3 of the large intestine

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6
Q

Which structures drain through the hepatic portal vein

A

stomach, spleen, intestines (everything)

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7
Q

What structures of the SI pass through the mesentery

A

Nerves, BV, lymphatics

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8
Q

What are the layers of the SI

A

muscularis
submucosa
mucosa –> plicae circularis –> villi –> microvilli

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9
Q

What are the features of the duodenum

A

densest plicae circularis
major site for calcium and iron absorption
contains duodenal glands –> at the first 10cm of the duodenum and secrete bicarb rich mucus

contains hepatopancreatic ampulla
- accepts digestive juices from pancreas and bile from the liver to aid with digestion

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10
Q

What are the features of the jejunum

A

long vasa recta –> straight rods that come off anastamoses
glucose, aa, water absorption

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11
Q

What are the features of the ileum

A

contain lymphatic nodules and prominent lacteals
only site for B12 absorption
plicae circularis taper out

ileum ends at the ileocacecal valve

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12
Q

What is the gastroileal reflex

A

clears residual matter from the SI and serves ot limit the excessive growth of bacteriA

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13
Q

What does pancreatic juice do

A

contains digestive enzymes for digestion

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14
Q

What does CCK induce

A

secretion of enzyme rich juice

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15
Q

What does secretin induce

A

secretion of bicarb rich juice

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16
Q

What are the two patterns of intestinal contractions

A

fed pattern
- during feeding, irregular contractions to mix contents with digestive juices
fasting pattern
- migrating motility complex (perstalisis) begins at the duodenum and propels residual materiaal into the proximal colon (prevents vacterial overgrowth)

17
Q

Which strctures release enzymes to digest carbs

A

salivary amylase
pancreatic juice
microvili at brush border of intestinal absorptive cells

18
Q

What structures release enzymes to digest lipids

A

liver –> bile salts
sublingual gland of oral cavity
pancreas
stomach

19
Q

What structures release enzymes to digest proteins

A

stomach
pancrease
brush border enzymes

20
Q

What structures release enzymes to digest nucleic acids

A

pancreas
absorptive cells in brush border

21
Q

What prevents the digestion of the pancreas

A

pancreatic enzymes are secreted in an inactive form

enteropeptidase (brush border enzyme) begins the process by converting inactive trypsinogen into trypsin

22
Q

How is glucose transported into the intestine and then to blood

A

SAT to the brush border –> with sodium

facilitated diffusion into the capillaries

23
Q

How are amino acids transported into the intestine and then to blood

A

SAT to the brush border –> with sodium

simple diffusion into blood stream

24
Q

How are fats transported into the intestine and then to blood

A

short chain FA –> diffuse directly into blood

long chain FA –> transported as micelles and seperated into FA and monoglyceride
@ apical brush border, put back as triglyceride and delivered as a chylomicron to the blood

25
Q

How much is ingested and secreted
How much is absorbed
How much is excreted

A

9.3
9.2
0.1

26
Q

What are the layers of the large intestine

A

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

27
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine

A

producing vit B and vit K
absorbing some water and vitamins
forming feces
emptying the rectum

28
Q

What is the gastrocolic reflex

A

encourages matter in the large intestine to migrate toward the rectum

29
Q

What do intesintal glands do

A

secrete mucus that helps to aid the passage of feces

30
Q

What cells are found in the intestine

A

absorptive cell –> absorb water
goblet cell –> secretes mucus

31
Q

What are alterations in the LI

A

smoother mucosa
teniae coli
thinner circular muscle
pouches (haustra) –> haustral contractions help to mix geces and facilitate water reabsorption

32
Q

Describe the defecation reflex

A
  1. Stretched rectal wall –> mass movement of reflex (gastrocolic reflex)
    - sends afferent signals to the spinal cord
  2. afferent signals –> parasympathetic relfex
    - contraction of the rectal wall and relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
  3. external anal sphincter is under volutnary control –> if appropriate, may defecate conscioucly relaxing the external anal sphincter

Anatomy (21 decks)

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