14 - Esters Flashcards
How do you name an ester?
The suffix comes from the alcohol (first part of the name). For example: Methanol + Propanoic Acid -> Methyl Propanoate (+Water).
How do you know form an Ester? What’s the catalyst?
Alcohol + Carboxylic Acid —-Acid Catalyst—> Ester. This is esterification, and sulphuric acid can be used as a catalyst.
How do you form an acid anhydride?
You remove a water molecule from two joined carboxylic acids.
Why is Ester production from an acid anhydride and alcohol preferential?
It gives a higher yield through esterification than via an alcohol and carboxylic acid. It also forms a carboxylic acid.
What is Hydrolysis? How does it occur to an Ester?
Hydrolysis is breaking down something with water. Twins is the reverse of esterification. This can be done to an ester, throu either acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis.
How do you carry out acid hydrolysis?
Heat an ester under reflux with dilute HCl or H2SO4. This breaks the ester bond. The water breaks the bond, and the acid acts as a catalyst.
How do you carry out Alkaline hydrolysis? What does it form?
Aqueous sodium (or potassium) hydroxide is reflexes with an Ester. This reaction is non-reversible and forms the sodium salt of carboxylic acid - saponification.
