11 - Reactions Of Aldehydes And Ketones Flashcards
How is the reaction carried out?
Gently warming the carbonyl compounds with NaBH4.
What is used to reduce carbonyl compounds? What is the solvent?
NaBH4 is used to reduce carbonyl compounds. Water is the so
Net for the reduction of carbonyl compounds.
What are Aldehydes/Ketone reduced to?
Aldehydes are reduced to primary alcohols. Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.
How is a reducing agent shown in a reaction?
It’s shown as 2[H].
What sort of reaction occurs between Aldehydes/Ketones and NaBH4?
The reduction of carbonyl compounds is nucleophilic addition. BH4- acts as a source of hydride ions, :H-. The hydride ions act as a nucleophile.
What is the process and mechanism of the reaction?
The electron deficient carbon atom, bonded to the O, is attacked by the hydride ion. The lone pair of electrons from the :H- ion forms a bond with the carbon atom. The Pi-bond in the C=O bond breaks and a negatively charged intermediate forms. This then donates an electron pair to a H2O molecule. This forms a dative covalent bind with 1 of the H’s in the H2O molecule. This then forms an alcohol and a hydroxide ion.
