14. Back & Spine Condiitons Flashcards
most common cervical sprain & strain
whiplash injury
s/sx of whiplash
neck pain A-P
tenderness A-P
LOM
headache & lightheadedness
(-) neurologic findings
special tests performed for whiplash
(-) Spurling’s
(-)Lhermite’s
Most affected structure in whiplash injury
Ant longitudinal ligament
this is the OA of the spine
spondylosis
this is the most mobile among cervical joints, thus this is the most affected cervical vertebra in spondylosis
C5-C6
s/sx of spondylosis
neck pain P
tenderness P
LOM
headache
(+) neurologic findings
special tests performed for spondylosis
(+) Spurling’s
(+) Lhermite’s
this refers to defects/ fracture of the pars interarticularis & can result in ____
Spondylolysis; spondylolisthesis
this refers to the ant slippage or forward displacement of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body
spondylolisthesis
this refers to the post slippage of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body
retrolisthesis
condition with Scotty dog with collar in an oblique xray
spondylolysis
XRAY-FOLS
fracture- oblique
Lateral- slippage
condition with Scotty dog decapitated in an oblique xray
spondyllolysthesis
most common site spondylolisthesis
L5-S1
Grading of spondylolisthesis
Grade 1- 1-25%
Grade 2- 26-50%
Grade 3- 51-75%
Grade 4-76-100%
Grade 5- >100% (complete displacement known as spondyloptosis)
Classifications of Spondylolisthesis (DID TraP)
Dysplastic
Isthmic
Degenerative
Traumatic
Pathologic
Classifications of Spondylolisthesis with congenital abnormality of pars interarticularis
displastic
Most common classifications of Spondylolisthesis with the lack of normal continuity of the isthmus(narrowest part of neural arch)
Isthmic
classifications of Spondylolisthesis with degeneration of pars interarticularis
degenerative
classifications of Spondylolisthesis with fracture other than isthmus/ pars interarticularis
traumatic
classifications of Spondylolisthesis with bony lesions
pathologic
Ideal positioning of pt with spondylolisthesis
spinal flexion
this refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal;
spinal stenosis
ave diameter of spinal canal & spinal cord
spinal canal= 17mm
spinal cord= 10mm
Causes of spinal stenosis
FoLDS
Facet jt hypertrophy
Ligamentum hypertrophy
Disc protrusion
Spur formation
ideal positioning for spinal stenosis
spinal flex
condition with fusion of the spine
Akylosing spondylitis
AKA Von Beckterev or Marie stumpell
Akylosing spondylitis presents with ___
(+) bamboo spine
special test for Akylosing spondylitis
(+) Schober’s test
measure C7-T12
>5cm= Normal
<5cm=AS
>30cm= hypermobility
ideal positioning for Akylosing spondylitis
spinal extension
best exercise for Akylosing spondylitis
swimming because this will promote spine extension
a condition where there is painful swelling of the consto-chondral junction
tzietze’s or costal chondritis
condition with painful coccyx or the lower part of sacrum
coccygodynia
refers to tthe incomplete closure of the posterior neuropore
spina bifida
2 type sof spina bifida
spina bifida occulta
spina bifida cystica
spina bifida with tuff of hiar at the lumbar spine
spina bifida occulta
type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges & csf
meningocele
type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges, csf, & spinal cord
myelomeningocele
4 types of herniation
BuPES
Bulging
prolapsed
extrusion
sequestration
innervated structures of spine
Z jt/ facet jts
jt capsule
outer 3rd of annulus
ALL,PLL, interspinous ligament
erector spinae, multifidus
periosteum of the vertebral bone
Types of osteoporosis
Primary:
Type 1 (post menopausal)
Type 2 (senile)
Secondary;
Type 3
what should be the Ca intake per day for type 1 & 2 osteoporosis
> 1200g Ca++/day
condition where there is a collapse fo a single vertebra
Gibbus deformity ((+) Dowager’s hump
Condition where there is anterior vertebral wedging of at least 5 deg of 3 consecutive vertebrae
scheuermann’s disease/ juvenile kyphosis adolescent kyphosis / juvenile discogenic disease (JDD)
most common structural scoliosis
idiopathic Adolescent (10-16y/o)
Severity of scoliosis
mild= <20 deg
moderate= 20-40 deg
severe= >40 deg
if the scoliosis is >40-50 deg, this is associated with _____
pain & degenerative joint disease of the spine
if the scoliosis is >60-70 deg, this is associated with _____
cardiopulmonary changes & decreased life expectancy
Spinal orthotics
scolio with apex above T6
milwaukee
Spinal orthotics
scolio with apex below T6
Miami
Spinal orthotics
scolio with apex below T8
Boston
Wilmington
Yamamoto
