14. Back & Spine Condiitons Flashcards by Jewel Jace

most common cervical sprain & strain

whiplash injury

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s/sx of whiplash

neck pain A-P
tenderness A-P
LOM
headache & lightheadedness
(-) neurologic findings

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special tests performed for whiplash

(-) Spurling’s
(-)Lhermite’s

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Most affected structure in whiplash injury

Ant longitudinal ligament

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this is the OA of the spine

spondylosis

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this is the most mobile among cervical joints, thus this is the most affected cervical vertebra in spondylosis

C5-C6

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s/sx of spondylosis

neck pain P
tenderness P
LOM
headache
(+) neurologic findings

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special tests performed for spondylosis

(+) Spurling’s
(+) Lhermite’s

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this refers to defects/ fracture of the pars interarticularis & can result in ____

Spondylolysis; spondylolisthesis

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this refers to the ant slippage or forward displacement of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body

spondylolisthesis

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this refers to the post slippage of the superior vertebra body over the inferior vertebra body

retrolisthesis

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condition with Scotty dog with collar in an oblique xray

spondylolysis

XRAY-FOLS
fracture- oblique
Lateral- slippage

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condition with Scotty dog decapitated in an oblique xray

spondyllolysthesis

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most common site spondylolisthesis

L5-S1

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Grading of spondylolisthesis

Grade 1- 1-25%
Grade 2- 26-50%
Grade 3- 51-75%
Grade 4-76-100%
Grade 5- >100% (complete displacement known as spondyloptosis)

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Classifications of Spondylolisthesis (DID TraP)

Dysplastic
Isthmic
Degenerative
Traumatic
Pathologic

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Classifications of Spondylolisthesis with congenital abnormality of pars interarticularis

displastic

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Most common classifications of Spondylolisthesis with the lack of normal continuity of the isthmus(narrowest part of neural arch)

Isthmic

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classifications of Spondylolisthesis with degeneration of pars interarticularis

degenerative

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classifications of Spondylolisthesis with fracture other than isthmus/ pars interarticularis

traumatic

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classifications of Spondylolisthesis with bony lesions

pathologic

Ideal positioning of pt with spondylolisthesis

spinal flexion

this refers to the narrowing of the spinal canal;

spinal stenosis

ave diameter of spinal canal & spinal cord

spinal canal= 17mm
spinal cord= 10mm

Causes of spinal stenosis

FoLDS Facet jt hypertrophy Ligamentum hypertrophy Disc protrusion Spur formation

ideal positioning for spinal stenosis

spinal flex

condition with fusion of the spine

Akylosing spondylitis AKA Von Beckterev or Marie stumpell

Akylosing spondylitis presents with ___

(+) bamboo spine

special test for Akylosing spondylitis

(+) Schober's test measure C7-T12 >5cm= Normal <5cm=AS >30cm= hypermobility

ideal positioning for Akylosing spondylitis

spinal extension

best exercise for Akylosing spondylitis

swimming because this will promote spine extension

a condition where there is painful swelling of the consto-chondral junction

tzietze's or costal chondritis

condition with painful coccyx or the lower part of sacrum

coccygodynia

refers to tthe incomplete closure of the posterior neuropore

spina bifida

2 type sof spina bifida

spina bifida occulta spina bifida cystica

spina bifida with tuff of hiar at the lumbar spine

spina bifida occulta

type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges & csf

meningocele

type of spina bifida cystica with cyst containing meninges, csf, & spinal cord

myelomeningocele

4 types of herniation

BuPES Bulging prolapsed extrusion sequestration

innervated structures of spine

Z jt/ facet jts jt capsule outer 3rd of annulus ALL,PLL, interspinous ligament erector spinae, multifidus periosteum of the vertebral bone

Types of osteoporosis

Primary: Type 1 (post menopausal) Type 2 (senile) Secondary; Type 3

what should be the Ca intake per day for type 1 & 2 osteoporosis

>1200g Ca++/day

condition where there is a collapse fo a single vertebra

Gibbus deformity ((+) Dowager's hump

Condition where there is anterior vertebral wedging of at least 5 deg of 3 consecutive vertebrae

scheuermann's disease/ juvenile kyphosis adolescent kyphosis / juvenile discogenic disease (JDD)

most common structural scoliosis

idiopathic Adolescent (10-16y/o)

Severity of scoliosis

mild= <20 deg moderate= 20-40 deg severe= >40 deg

if the scoliosis is >40-50 deg, this is associated with _____

pain & degenerative joint disease of the spine

if the scoliosis is >60-70 deg, this is associated with _____

cardiopulmonary changes & decreased life expectancy

Spinal orthotics scolio with apex above T6

milwaukee

Spinal orthotics scolio with apex below T6

Miami

Spinal orthotics scolio with apex below T8

Boston Wilmington Yamamoto