14

Question 1

Ecosystem?

Answer 1

All of the biotic and abiotic components in a given area and their interactions.

Question 2

Ecosystem functions? 3•

Answer 2

•Productivity
•Energy flows
•Material cycles

Question 3

Ecosystem functions?

Answer 3

Properties of the ecosystem.

Question 4

Ecosystem services?

Answer 4

Properties of ecosystem that directly benefit humans.

Question 5

Primary productivity generally increase with?

Answer 5

Increase in biodiversity (plant species richness).

Question 6

Less biodiversity have more/less effect in ecosystem function if small change in biodiversity?

Answer 6

More

Question 7

What must be true if greater species richness in communities lead to greater function? 6•

Answer 7

•Facilitation are more common
•Resistance extreme conditions
•Different niches
•trophic
•Different resource use.
•Species can coexist
•Filling more roles within the ecosystem
•Diverse communities use nutrients more effectively (recycling)

Question 8

Polyculture?

Answer 8

Many species

Question 9

Monoculture?

Answer 9

One species

Question 10

Complementarity?

Answer 10

Recourse partitioning which can result in more different types of resources being used to increase productivity.

Question 11

Facilitation?

Answer 11

A positive interaction in which one species helps another persist in the environment. This increases productivity

Question 12

Effect of facilitation requires?

Answer 12

The presence of particular species responsible for facilitation.

Question 13

Sampling effect?

Answer 13

Randomly sample some communities. The probability of randomly selecting a highly productive monoculture is lower than selecting a highly productive polyculture. This is assuming that species found in a given area can be randomly selected with low bias, and that some species are more productive than others. This ensures that polyculture communities = best monoculture. Additionally, more diverse species are more likely to contain the most productive species.

Question 14

Biodiversity can increase/decrease stability of function?

Answer 14

Increase

Question 15

To ensure stability at a community level, if one extreme factor occur, then?

Answer 15

Another species should perform better.

Question 16

Portfolio effect?

Answer 16

Variability in function over time should be lower in diverse communities since there is a greater chance that a species may resist a change in abiotic conditions (species vary in different ways over time).

Question 17

Is high diversity always better?

Answer 17

It depends on the community and what recourses are available, and the quantity. For greater diversity to be beneficial, the cycle of recourses must reach an equilibrium, and it depends on the environment and interactions. If this claim was correct, then we would see a high diversity throughout the globe.