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Pathoma 13. Female Genital System and Gestational Pathology > 13.6 Ovarian Tumors > Flashcards

13.6 Ovarian Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three cell types in an ovary

A

surface epithelium, germ cells, sex cord-stroma

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2
Q

What cell type(s) of the 3 in an ovary can cancer arise from ?

A

all 3

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3
Q

what is the MC cell type of ovarian tumor?

A

surface epithelial tumors

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4
Q

what is the surface epithelium of the ovary derived from

A

coelemic epithelium

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5
Q

coelemic epithelium gives rise to the lining of what 3 structures (and produces their epithelium as well)

A

fallopian tube
endometrium
endocervix

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6
Q

What type of cells are the epithelium of the fallopian tube

A

serous cells

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7
Q

What type of cells are the epithelium of the endocervix

A

mucinous cells

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8
Q

Serous tumors are full of what? Mucinous tumors are filled with?

A

serous - watery fluid

mucinous - mucus-like fluid

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9
Q

serous and mucinous tumors can be classified how (3)

A

benign, borderline, malignant

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10
Q

what does one call a benign surface epithlial ovarian tumor

A

cystadenoma

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11
Q

what does one call a malignant surface epithlial ovarian tumor

A

cystadenocarcinoma

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12
Q

cystademonas (benign) have how many cysts and simple (single cell layer) or complex (multiple cell layer) lining?

A

single layer of epithelial cells

single cyst

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13
Q

MC age for cystadenomas (pre or post menopause)

A

30-40 yo premenopause

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14
Q

MC age for cystadenocarcinomas (pre or post menopause)

A

60-70 postmenopause

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15
Q

describe cystadenocarcinoma (number of cysts and cell lining)

A 
multiple cysts
complex lining (thick, shaggy)
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16
Q

are borderline surface epithelial tumors benign or malignant? px?

A

clearly malignant (can metastasize) but have better px than malignant

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17
Q

what 2 cancers do BRCA1 carriers have an increased risk for?

A

serous carcinoma of the ovary and fallopian tube

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18
Q

if an ovarian tumor has cells that resemble urothelium what is it called

A

Brenner tumor

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19
Q

Are Brenner tumors usually benign or malignant?

A

benign

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20
Q

are endometroid tumors usually benign or malignant

A

malignant

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21
Q

what type of tumor is an endometrioid tumor

A

surface epithelium tumor

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22
Q

what type of tumor is a Brenner tumor

A

surface epithelium tumor

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23
Q

what condition can give rise to endometrioid tumor

A

endometriosis

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24
Q

surface epithelial tumor present early or late and why?

A

late- lots of room to grow

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25
Q

What does late presentation of surface epithelium tumors say about prognosis

A

poor prognosis - THE WORST px of the female genital tract cancers

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26
Q

what sx do surface epithelium tumors present with (2)

A

vague abdominal sx, signs of compression (urinary frequency)

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27
Q

where do surface epithelium carcinomas spread

A

locally (peritoneum)

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28
Q

what is the marker for surface epithelium tumors

A

CA-125

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29
Q

what is the second MC tumor of ovaries?

A

germ cell tumors

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30
Q

what tumor is MC in following ages:
15-30 (reproductive age)
35-40
60-70

A

15-30 - germ cell tumor
35-40 benign surface epithelium tumor
60-70 - malignant surface epithelium tumor

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31
Q

what are the 4 types of tissue associated with germ cell tumors

A

oocytes
fetal tissue
yolk sac
placental tissue

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32
Q

what germ cell tumor mimics fetal tissue (2)

A

cystic teratoma

embryonal carcinoma

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33
Q

what germ cell tumor mimics oocyte tissue

A

dysgerminoma

34
Q

what germ cell tumor mimics yolk sac tissue

A

endodermal sinus tumor

35
Q

what germ cell tumor mimics placntal tissue

A

choriocarcinoma

36
Q

what is MC germ cell tumor in females

A

Cystic teratoma

37
Q

Are cystic teratomas usually benign or malignant

A

benign

38
Q

What 2 findings would indicate malignant potential in a cystic teratoma

A 
immature tissue
somatic malignancy (cancer of the tissuee inside the teratoma)
39
Q

what is the MC immature tissue ina an immature cystic teratoma

A

Neural ectoderm

40
Q

What is MC cancer in smatic malignancy of cystic teratoma

A

SqCC of skin

41
Q

What is struma ovarii

A

a teratoma comprised primarily of thyroid tissue

42
Q

What is MC malignant germ cell tumorq

A

dysgerminoma

43
Q

what is the histo appearance of cells of dysgerminoma (3)

A

large cells, clear cytoplasm, central nuclei

44
Q

what is testicular counterpart of dysgermonoma called

A

seminoma

45
Q

px of dysgerminoma

A

good- responds to radiothx

46
Q

what marker is elevated in dysgerminoma

A

serum LDH

47
Q

what is MC germ cell tumor in children

A

Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

48
Q

what would the histological appearance of a Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor) resemble

A

a glomerulus

49
Q

what is a glomerulus like structure called in an Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

A

Schiller-duvall bodies

50
Q

What marker is elevated in Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac tumor)

A

serum AFP

51
Q

2 cell types present in Choriocarcinoma and what structure is absent

A

trophoblasts - syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts are both present
villi are absent!!!

52
Q

is Choriocarcinoma malignant? why?

A

yes- trophoblasts are programmed to find blood from mother and invade tissues to do it so they spread early

53
Q

what marker is elevated in Choriocarcinoma (produced by what cell?)

A

B-hCG produced by syncytiotrophoblasts

54
Q

WHat might elevated B-hCG in Choriocarcinoma lead to

A

thecal cysts in ovary

55
Q

what is Choriocarcinoma response to chemo

A

poor

56
Q

is embryonal carcinoma benign or malignant

A

malignant

57
Q

what is the only benign germ cell tumor

A

cystic teratoma

58
Q

is embryonal slow or aggressive

A

aggressive with early metastasis

59
Q

what type of tumor is embryonal?

A

germ cell tumor of ovary

60
Q

What type of tumor is a granulosa-theca cell tumor?

A

sex-cord stromal tumor

61
Q

granulosa-theca cell tumor presents with signs of what excess

A

estrogen

62
Q

Prior to puberty how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present

A

early puberty

63
Q

at reproductive age how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present (2)

A

menorrhagia, metrorrhagia- bleeding bt periods

64
Q

post-menopause how does granulosa-theca cell tumor present

A

endometrial hyperplasia with abnormal bleeding

65
Q

what is the MC age range (not numbers but a period) FOR granulosa-theca cell tumor presentaiton

A

post-menopause

66
Q

Is granulosa-theca cell tumor beingn or malignant

A

malignant

67
Q

what type of tumor presents with Reinke crystasl

A

Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

68
Q

what homo does a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor produce and how does it present (2ways)

A

androgen
hirsutism
virilization

69
Q

Meigs syndrome: associated with what tumor,

A

Fibroma

70
Q

Meigs syndrome: associated with what 2 sx

A

Ascites, pleural effusion

71
Q

Fibroma: beingn or malignant?

A

benign

72
Q

Fibroma: a tumor of what cell type

A

fibroblasts

73
Q

What are the 3 sex cord-stromal tumors of the ovaryq

A

fibroma, Granulosa-theca cell, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors

74
Q

What are the 2 types of metastatic tumors of the ovary

A

Krukenberg, PSeudomyxoma peritonei

75
Q

Krukenberg tumor: Serous or mucinous

A

mucinous

76
Q

Krukenberg tumor: what chc cell type and how it is formed

A

signet ring cell- mucous in cyto pouches nucleus to edge

77
Q

Krukenberg tumor: Most often dt metastatsis of what Cancer (3 words)

A

diffuse gastric carcinoma

78
Q

What distinguishes Krukenberg tumor from primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary

A

Krukenberg tumor is bilateral

79
Q

What cell type is involved in a primary mucinous carcinoma of the ovary

A

surface epithelial tumor

80
Q

PSeudomyxoma peritonei is also called what? Why?

A

aka “jelly belly” dt large amounts of mucous in the peritoneum

81
Q

tumor from what site usually metastasizes to produce PSeudomyxoma peritonei

A

appendix

Pathoma 13. Female Genital System and Gestational Pathology (7 decks)

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