13.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract

Question 1

what is the path of air through the respiratory tract

Answer 1

Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
L/R Primary Bronchi
T/B Secondary Bronchi
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Brochioles
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli

Question 2

what tissue increases as air passes through the respiratory tract; what tissue decreases?

Answer 2

increase - smooth muscle

decrease - cartilages

Question 3

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx in descending order

Answer 3

naso
oro
laryngo

Question 4

what are the regions of the pharynx that are shared with the digestive tract

Answer 4

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 5

what is the largest piece of cartilage of the larynx

Answer 5

thyroid cartilage

Question 6

what is the elongated flap that extends diagonally over the entrance of the larynx

Answer 6

epiglottis

Question 7

what facilitates the free movement of the lungs in the thoracic cavity

Answer 7

pleural membranes

Question 8

what type of cartilage is the c shaped band of cartilage found in the trachea

Answer 8

hyaline cartilage

Question 9

what lies adjacent to the trachea

Answer 9

esophagus

Question 10

what type of epithelium is found in the alveoli

Answer 10

simple squamous

Question 11

what is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 11

breathing

Question 12

what are the 2 types of pulmonary ventilation

Answer 12

inspiration/inhalation

expiration/exhalation

Question 13

what is atmospheric pressure

Answer 13

pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere

Question 14

what is intrapulmonary pressure

Answer 14

pressure within the pleural cavity (alveoli) slightly lower than atmospheric pressure

Question 15

what is intrapleural pressure

Answer 15

pressure within the pleural cavity

Question 16

is intrapleural pressure ever the same as atmospheric pressure?

Answer 16

no, if they were it would be impossible to breathe

Question 17

what is tidal volume

Answer 17

volume of air inspired or expired with each normal, quiet respiration

Question 18

what is the average tidal volume

Answer 18

500ml

Question 19

what is expiratory reserve volume

Answer 19

volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration

Question 20

what is the avg expiratory reserve volume for males

Answer 20

1000-1200

Question 21

what is the avg expiratory reserve volume for females

Answer 21

700ml

Question 22

vital capacity

Answer 22

maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximal inspiration to a maximal expiration

Question 23

what is the avg vital capacity for males

Answer 23

4800ml

Question 24

what is the avg vital capacity for females

Answer 24

3100ml

Question 25

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 25

volume of air that can be forecably inhaled after a normal inspiration

Question 26

what is the volume to calculate inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 26

IRV = VC - (EVR-YV)

Question 27

what is responsible for the transport of respiratory gasses between the tissues and the lungs

Answer 27

bloooood

Question 28

what is responsible for responding to increases in pCO2 and hydrogen ions of the cerebral spinal fluid

Answer 28

central chemoreceptors

Question 29

where are chemical receptors located

Answer 29

in the medulla

Question 30

where are peripheral chemoreceptors located

Answer 30

aortic arch and carotid arteries

Question 31

what is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 31

respond to increases in pCO2 and H+ and decreases of pO2 of the arterial blood

Question 32

why does change of rate of respiration change after excersice (in regards to chem composition of plasma)

Answer 32

muscles deplete blood of oxygen more quickly and release more CO2, pCO2, chemoreceptors stimulate respiratory centers in brain to increase rate and depth of breathing

Question 33

why is there a different in ability to hold breath during normal respiration and abnormal vigorous respiration

Answer 33

deep breathing increases exaggeration of blood, pO2 increases, pCO2 decreases and it takes longer for sufficient chemoreceptor to stimulate

Question 34

if you were to breathe deeply into a bag for 2 mins and then remove it how would your respiratory rate differ from normal

Answer 34

it would be faster, body is trying to get more O2 in as there was an insufficient supply when breathing in the bag