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AP Lab WInter > 13.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

13.2 Anatomy of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the path of air through the respiratory tract

A 
Nasal Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
L/R Primary Bronchi
T/B Secondary Bronchi
Terminal Bronchioles
Respiratory Brochioles
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli
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2
Q

what tissue increases as air passes through the respiratory tract; what tissue decreases?

A

increase - smooth muscle

decrease - cartilages

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3
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the pharynx in descending order

A

naso
oro
laryngo

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4
Q

what are the regions of the pharynx that are shared with the digestive tract

A

oropharynx and laryngopharynx

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5
Q

what is the largest piece of cartilage of the larynx

A

thyroid cartilage

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6
Q

what is the elongated flap that extends diagonally over the entrance of the larynx

A

epiglottis

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7
Q

what facilitates the free movement of the lungs in the thoracic cavity

A

pleural membranes

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8
Q

what type of cartilage is the c shaped band of cartilage found in the trachea

A

hyaline cartilage

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9
Q

what lies adjacent to the trachea

A

esophagus

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10
Q

what type of epithelium is found in the alveoli

A

simple squamous

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11
Q

what is pulmonary ventilation?

A

breathing

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of pulmonary ventilation

A

inspiration/inhalation

expiration/exhalation

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13
Q

what is atmospheric pressure

A

pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere

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14
Q

what is intrapulmonary pressure

A

pressure within the pleural cavity (alveoli) slightly lower than atmospheric pressure

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15
Q

what is intrapleural pressure

A

pressure within the pleural cavity

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16
Q

is intrapleural pressure ever the same as atmospheric pressure?

A

no, if they were it would be impossible to breathe

17
Q

what is tidal volume

A

volume of air inspired or expired with each normal, quiet respiration

18
Q

what is the average tidal volume

A

500ml

19
Q

what is expiratory reserve volume

A

volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a normal expiration

20
Q

what is the avg expiratory reserve volume for males

A

1000-1200

21
Q

what is the avg expiratory reserve volume for females

A

700ml

22
Q

vital capacity

A

maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs from a maximal inspiration to a maximal expiration

23
Q

what is the avg vital capacity for males

A

4800ml

24
Q

what is the avg vital capacity for females

A

3100ml

25
Q

what is inspiratory reserve volume?

A

volume of air that can be forecably inhaled after a normal inspiration

26
Q

what is the volume to calculate inspiratory reserve volume

A

IRV = VC - (EVR-YV)

27
Q

what is responsible for the transport of respiratory gasses between the tissues and the lungs

A

bloooood

28
Q

what is responsible for responding to increases in pCO2 and hydrogen ions of the cerebral spinal fluid

A

central chemoreceptors

29
Q

where are chemical receptors located

A

in the medulla

30
Q

where are peripheral chemoreceptors located

A

aortic arch and carotid arteries

31
Q

what is the function of peripheral chemoreceptors

A

respond to increases in pCO2 and H+ and decreases of pO2 of the arterial blood

32
Q

why does change of rate of respiration change after excersice (in regards to chem composition of plasma)

A

muscles deplete blood of oxygen more quickly and release more CO2, pCO2, chemoreceptors stimulate respiratory centers in brain to increase rate and depth of breathing

33
Q

why is there a different in ability to hold breath during normal respiration and abnormal vigorous respiration

A

deep breathing increases exaggeration of blood, pO2 increases, pCO2 decreases and it takes longer for sufficient chemoreceptor to stimulate

34
Q

if you were to breathe deeply into a bag for 2 mins and then remove it how would your respiratory rate differ from normal

A

it would be faster, body is trying to get more O2 in as there was an insufficient supply when breathing in the bag

AP Lab WInter (9 decks)

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