13.1 Physiology of Blood Circulation Flashcards
where is the cardiovascular center located
medulla oblongata
how is output sent from the cardiovascular center
via sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons
what are the functions of the sympathetic cardiac acclamatory nerves (2)
release the norepiniephrine increasing the rate of and force of the hearts contractions
cause vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure
what are the functions of the parasympathetic cardiac inhibitory nerves
release acetylcholine which decreases heart rate and has a lesser effect on decreasing the force of contraction
what is a function of the cardiovascular center
continuously sends impulses to the smooth muscle in blood vessel walls
What sets the rhythm of the hearts contractions?
specialized cardia cells called auto-rhythmic fibers, pacemaker cells
What does norepinephrine do to blood vessels
increase heart rate therefore constrict veins and arterioles
what does epinephrine do to blood vessels
dialate arterioles to increase blood flow
what is electrocardiography
the measurement and analysis of currents associated with heart activity
what is electrocardiography important for
the diagnosis of abnormal cardiac function
what is an ECG/EKG
the recording of the electrical changes of the heart
what does a normal electrocardiogram consist of
p wave
qrs complex
t wave
what does the p wave of an electrocardiogram indicate
atrial depolarization
what does the qrs complex of an electrocardiogram indicate
ventricular depolarization
what does the t wave of an electrocardiogram indicate
ventricular repolarization