1.3.1X Anti-natalist policy (China)

Question 1

Why China’s one-child policy was needed
(1.3.1X)

Answer 1

Conversion to a labour driven economy due to the Great Leap Forward in 1958

Pushing total fertility rate to around 6 in the 60s

Lead to widespread famine in 1962, causing millions to die and worsened due to the large number of young individuals

Question 2

How China’s one-child policy was enforced
(1.3.1X)

Answer 2

Pay rises

Family benefits (free education, health care)

Propaganda (shao sheng = fewer births, quickly richer)

Not issuing birth certificates for excess

Wan Xi Shao Slogan: Later marriages, longer gaps between births, fewer births

Question 3

Benefits of the one-child policy
(1.3.1X)

Answer 3

400m fewer births

People got wealthier

Women have more opportunities and careers

Better healthcare

Educated population

Question 4

Costs of the one-child policy
(1.3.1X)

Answer 4

Gender imbalance (30m excess in males)

1-2-4 (one person has to take care of the elders)

Impact on economy due to ageing population

Loss of human rights

Unregistered children, hard to get any public benefits

Question 5

End of one-child policy

Answer 5

2013: families in which at least one of the parents was a single child can now have 2 children

2015: all families are allowed to have 2 children