1.3.1 - Nucleotides and ATP

Question 1

what are nucleotides?

Answer 1

molecules with three parts (carbon pentose sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen-containing base) joined by a condensation reaction.

Question 2

what are the function of nucleotides?

Answer 2

• provide energy in the form of ATP

- provide the building blocks for the mechanism of inheritance in the form DNA and RNA

Question 3

what does ATP stand for?

Answer 3

Adenosine Triphosphate

Question 4

what is the pentose sugar in RNA?

Answer 4

ribose

Question 5

what is the pentose sugar in DNA?

Answer 5

deoxyribose

fewer oxygen atoms

Question 6

what is a purine base?

Answer 6

type of nucleotide
most common
has two nitrogen containing rings

Question 7

what is a pyrimidine base?

Answer 7

type of nucleotide

only has one nitrogen containing ring

Question 8

give an example of a purine base.

Answer 8

Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)

Question 9

give an example of a pyrimidine base.

Answer 9

Cytosine (C), Thymine (T) and Uracil (U)

Question 10

what does the phosphate group do to the nucleotide?

Answer 10

the nucleotides are now acidic molecules

and carry a negative charge

Question 11

how are nucleotides formed? what is the product per nucleotide?

Answer 11

joined by condensation reactions

products are two water molecules

Question 12

what is ATP?

Answer 12

a nucleotide with 3 phosphate groups attached

the potential energy in the phosphate bonds is made available to other cells to use

Question 13

draw the structure of ATP.

Answer 13

pentose ribose sugar
rectangle adenine attached
3 phosphate groups attached

Question 14

how is ATP broken down?

Answer 14

third phosphate bond in the molecule is broken (hydrolysis)
products = ADP, another nucleotide and a free phosphate group
catalysed by = ATPase

Question 15

what does ADP stand for

Answer 15

adenosine diphosphate

Question 16

How does ATP provide energy to other cells?

Answer 16

the hydrolysis of the phosphate group and the bonds made to produce ADP and stable phosphate group releases energy
this energy can be used by other cells
but some of it is lost as heat

Question 17

how can ATP be made?

Answer 17

ATP can be synthesised from ADP and a phosphate group
reaction requires an input of energy
catalysed by = ATPase
energy needed for the synthesis comes from redox reactions