130: eye physiology, pathology, histology Flashcards

1
Q

what is glaucoma?

A

Rasied intraoccular pressure from blocked canal of schlemm.

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2
Q

which cranial nerve innervates the ciliary body?

A

nasociliary nerve which is a branch of V1 (opthalmic branch of trigeminal)

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3
Q

sarcoma is what type of cancer?

A

connective tissue

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4
Q

carcinoma is what type of cancer?

A

epithelial tissue

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5
Q

squamous cells are found where in the eye ?

A

conjunctiva (flattened)

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6
Q

cuboidal epithelium is found where?

A

cornea endothelium ( square not flat)

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7
Q

what cells are the anterior corneal epithelium?

A

stratified non-keratinised squamous

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8
Q

which three structures make the uveal tract?

A

choroid, colliery body and iris

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9
Q

job of the choroid

A

blood supply to the eye

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10
Q

what are stroma?

A

fibrus tissue of the iris containing pigmentation

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11
Q

which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

lacrimal nerve ( branch of V1)

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12
Q

where do you find goblet cells?

A

in the squamous epithelium of the conjunctiva.

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13
Q

closed angle glaucoma is what?

A

the angle of the trabecular leading to the canal of schlemm is narrowed - build up of pressure in posterior chamber.

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14
Q

what is herpes simplex keratitis?

A

corneal ulceration due to HSV (keratitis means inflammation of the cornea)

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15
Q

who is high risk for acanthamoeba infection

A

contact lense wearer

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16
Q

autosomal dominant disease affecting the cornea. slowly progressing glare and blurring, corneal odema, vision loss, loss of endothelial cells

A

Fuch’s Dystrophy

17
Q

what do melanocytes do?

A

colour the retina

18
Q

glass eye and enlarged liver….

A

metastatic melanoma

19
Q

intraoccular tumor in children

A

retinoblastoma

20
Q

flexner-wintersteiner rosettes are a sign of?

A

retinoblastoma - spoke and wheel cell formation in retina.

21
Q

the retinal artery is a branch of…

A

the opthalmic artery

22
Q

the temporal artery is a branch of…

A

the external carotid

23
Q

giant cell arteritis is…

A

inflammation of the temporal arteries

24
Q

giant cell arteritis presents as…

A

blurred vision/ sudden blindness, headaches and tender temporal artery

25
pathophysiology of cataracts...
lens protein degeneration over time
26
where is the anterior chamber?
in front of lens, behind the cornea
27
two types of age related macular degeneration
wet - neovascular...new vessel growth in the choroidal area | dry - non-neovascular can see drusen ( yellow deposits under retina
28
anti vegf is used to treat wet AMD..how does it work?
blocks vascular endothelial growth factor to reverse new vessel formation
29
5 Steps of Phototransduction:
1. light photon induces change of 11-cis retinal to trans-retianl which disassociated from opsin 2. opsin activates transducer 3. transducer activates phosphodiesterase 4. cGMP becomes 5 GMP 5. Na channels close - hyperpolarisation
30
which cells regulates the ganglion cell?
bipolar
31
which cells are interneurones of the retina
amacrine cells ( modulate whats received mostly using GABA and glycine)
32
what is protanopia?
red colour blindness ( x linked)
33
what is deuteranopia?
green colour blindness
34
what is tritanopia?
blue colour blindness (autosomal dominant chromosome 7)
35
which hormone makes you sleep when its dark?
melatonin
36
which structures make melatonin?
pineal gland, skin, retina, GI tract.
37
what is N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine?
melatonin.