110: Peripheral Neuropathy

Question 1

What is Guillian-Barre Syndrome?

Answer 1

infection causing autoimmune demyelination with inflammation and preserved axons

Question 2

What is Charcot Marie Tooth Disease

Answer 2

Autosomal dominant, Abundant Schwann Cell proliferation, onion bulb

Question 3

Guillian- Barre Symptoms

Answer 3

Preceding infection (campylobacter, CMV, Epstein Barr Virus, Mycoplasma) ascending paralysis, sensory loss, loss of reflexes, recovery starts after several weeks

Question 4

list some infectious neuropathies

Answer 4

HIV, CMV, Hep B and C, leprosy, Diptheria, varicella zoster, lyme disease

Question 5

list some ischaemic neuropathies

Answer 5

polyarteritis nodosa, SLE, Rheumatoid arthritis

Question 6

What is Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome?

Answer 6

antibodies against the voltage gated calcium channel, associated with small cell lung cancer

Question 7

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 7

Antibodies against the ACh receptor

Question 8

What is neuromyotonia

Answer 8

Antibodies against the voltage gated Potassium Channel

Question 9

Symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 9

fatiguable weakness - eye ptosis, trouble swallowing, speaking, neck extension weakness, respiratory failure, proximal limb weakness

Question 10

Ataxia

Answer 10

loss of proprioception

Question 11

risk factors for carpel tunnel

Answer 11

diabetes, preganancy, acromegaly, weight gain, repetitive wrist movements, arthritis, wrist fracture

Question 12

Carpel Tunnel Symptoms

Answer 12

Numbness: waking at night, certain daytime postures, lateral 31/2 fingers. Weakness: thumb abduction. Wasting : Thenar eminence

Question 13

Ulnar Nerve Compression Symptoms

Answer 13

Hypothenar wasting, finger abduction and opposition of little finger weakness, sensory changes.

Question 14

Ulnar nerve Compression risk factors

Answer 14

elbow trauma, rheumatoid arthritis, leaning on elbow ( drunk)

Question 15

What is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 15

X linked inheritance (shortage of dystrophin leads to muscle damage). Starts in early childhood mainly in the proximal muscles (climb up their legs to get up off floor).

Question 16

List some motor neurone diseases

Answer 16

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) symptoms start in hands and feet- stiff and weak. Progressive Bulbar Palsy (talking chewing, swallowing muscles affected first). Progressive Muscle Atrophy (small muscles of hands and feet affected first). Primary Lateral Sclerosis (leg muscle weakness, sometimes hand clumsiness)

Question 17

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 17

Autoimmune demylination of central nerves