104: Overdose Drugs and Antidotes

Question 1

Amphetamine (MDMA) overdose symptoms

Answer 1

hyperthermia, agitation, dilated pupils

Question 2

Amphetamine overdose antidote

Answer 2

Activated charcoal IV sodium Bicarb

Question 3

(Salicylates) Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) overdose symptoms

Answer 3

tinitus, vasodilation, sweating, initially hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) , later metabolic acidosis

Question 4

acetylsalicylic acid overdose antidote

Answer 4

activated charcoal, IV sodium bicarb

Question 5

Tricyclic Antidepressant overdose symptoms

Answer 5

dry mouth, hypertonia, dilated pupils ( mydriasis), arrhythmia/heart block

Question 6

Tricyclic Antidepressant drug overdose antidote

Answer 6

activated charcoal , IV sodium bicarb (and IV Lorazepam to control any fitting), antiarrhythmics

Question 7

Cyanide overdose symptoms

Answer 7

anxiety, dyspnoea, almond smell, oral burns

Question 8

Cyanide overdose antidote

Answer 8

oxygen, Vit B12, decontaminate skin

Question 9

Carbon Monoxide overdose symptoms

Answer 9

flu, vomiting, headache, cherry red lips

Question 10

carbon monoxide overdose antidote

Answer 10

oxygen

Question 11

Examples of benzodiazepines

Answer 11

carbamazepine, diazepam (Valium), midazolam lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, temazepam,

Question 12

Lorazepam overdose symptoms

Answer 12

ataxia, coma, hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.

Question 13

Lorazepam overdose antidote

Answer 13

flumazenil

Question 14

Flumazenil mechanism of action

Answer 14

GABA receptor antagonist

Question 15

Barbiturate overdose symptoms

Answer 15

hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.

Question 16

Example Barbiturates

Answer 16

amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secolbarbital, tuinal

Question 17

Barbiturate overdose antidote

Answer 17

flumazenil

Question 18

Ferrous Sulphate overdose symptoms

Answer 18

blue lips, dehydration, fluid on the lungs

Question 19

Ferrous Sulphate antidote

Answer 19

desferrioxamine

Question 20

Opiate examples

Answer 20

codine, fentanyl, morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, heroin

Question 21

Opiate overdose symptoms

Answer 21

miosis, reduces respiratory rate, coma

Question 22

Opiate antidote

Answer 22

Naloxone (short half life)

Question 23

Naloxone mechanism of action

Answer 23

competitive opioid receptor antagonist

Question 24

Paracetamol overdose symptoms

Answer 24

Abdo pain, deranged blood glucose, jaundice

Question 25

Paracetamol Antidote

Answer 25

IV N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), methionine, activated charcoal ( if early on)

Question 26

tricyclic mechanism of action

Answer 26

inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline uptake (increasing neurotransmission

Question 27

Paracetamol mechanism of action

Answer 27

inhibits COX prostaglandin production in CNS and inhibits endocannabinoid uptake

Question 28

glutathione mechanism of action

Answer 28

liver conjugation to remove toxic metabolites

Question 29

beta blocker antidote

Answer 29

glucagon

Question 30

glucagon mechanism of action

Answer 30

activates cAMP production - b stimulant effect on heart.

Question 31

Lithium overdose treatment

Answer 31

haemodialysis

Question 32

Warfarin overdose management

Answer 32

stop warfarin, consider potassium and vitamin K