104: Overdose Drugs and Antidotes Flashcards
Amphetamine (MDMA) overdose symptoms
hyperthermia, agitation, dilated pupils
Amphetamine overdose antidote
Activated charcoal IV sodium Bicarb
(Salicylates) Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) overdose symptoms
tinitus, vasodilation, sweating, initially hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) , later metabolic acidosis
acetylsalicylic acid overdose antidote
activated charcoal, IV sodium bicarb
Tricyclic Antidepressant overdose symptoms
dry mouth, hypertonia, dilated pupils ( mydriasis), arrhythmia/heart block
Tricyclic Antidepressant drug overdose antidote
activated charcoal , IV sodium bicarb (and IV Lorazepam to control any fitting), antiarrhythmics
Cyanide overdose symptoms
anxiety, dyspnoea, almond smell, oral burns
Cyanide overdose antidote
oxygen, Vit B12, decontaminate skin
Carbon Monoxide overdose symptoms
flu, vomiting, headache, cherry red lips
carbon monoxide overdose antidote
oxygen
Examples of benzodiazepines
carbamazepine, diazepam (Valium), midazolam lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, temazepam,
Lorazepam overdose symptoms
ataxia, coma, hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.
Lorazepam overdose antidote
flumazenil
Flumazenil mechanism of action
GABA receptor antagonist
Barbiturate overdose symptoms
hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.
Example Barbiturates
amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secolbarbital, tuinal
Barbiturate overdose antidote
flumazenil
Ferrous Sulphate overdose symptoms
blue lips, dehydration, fluid on the lungs
Ferrous Sulphate antidote
desferrioxamine
Opiate examples
codine, fentanyl, morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, heroin
Opiate overdose symptoms
miosis, reduces respiratory rate, coma
Opiate antidote
Naloxone (short half life)
Naloxone mechanism of action
competitive opioid receptor antagonist
Paracetamol overdose symptoms
Abdo pain, deranged blood glucose, jaundice
Paracetamol Antidote
IV N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), methionine, activated charcoal ( if early on)
tricyclic mechanism of action
inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline uptake (increasing neurotransmission
Paracetamol mechanism of action
inhibits COX prostaglandin production in CNS and inhibits endocannabinoid uptake
glutathione mechanism of action
liver conjugation to remove toxic metabolites
beta blocker antidote
glucagon
glucagon mechanism of action
activates cAMP production - b stimulant effect on heart.
Lithium overdose treatment
haemodialysis
Warfarin overdose management
stop warfarin, consider potassium and vitamin K
