104: Overdose Drugs and Antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

Amphetamine (MDMA) overdose symptoms

A

hyperthermia, agitation, dilated pupils

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2
Q

Amphetamine overdose antidote

A

Activated charcoal IV sodium Bicarb

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3
Q

(Salicylates) Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin) overdose symptoms

A

tinitus, vasodilation, sweating, initially hyperventilation (respiratory alkalosis) , later metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

acetylsalicylic acid overdose antidote

A

activated charcoal, IV sodium bicarb

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5
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant overdose symptoms

A

dry mouth, hypertonia, dilated pupils ( mydriasis), arrhythmia/heart block

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6
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressant drug overdose antidote

A

activated charcoal , IV sodium bicarb (and IV Lorazepam to control any fitting), antiarrhythmics

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7
Q

Cyanide overdose symptoms

A

anxiety, dyspnoea, almond smell, oral burns

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8
Q

Cyanide overdose antidote

A

oxygen, Vit B12, decontaminate skin

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9
Q

Carbon Monoxide overdose symptoms

A

flu, vomiting, headache, cherry red lips

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10
Q

carbon monoxide overdose antidote

A

oxygen

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11
Q

Examples of benzodiazepines

A

carbamazepine, diazepam (Valium), midazolam lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, temazepam,

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12
Q

Lorazepam overdose symptoms

A

ataxia, coma, hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.

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13
Q

Lorazepam overdose antidote

A

flumazenil

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14
Q

Flumazenil mechanism of action

A

GABA receptor antagonist

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15
Q

Barbiturate overdose symptoms

A

hypotonia, hypotension, hypoflexia, no plantar response.

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16
Q

Example Barbiturates

A

amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secolbarbital, tuinal

17
Q

Barbiturate overdose antidote

A

flumazenil

18
Q

Ferrous Sulphate overdose symptoms

A

blue lips, dehydration, fluid on the lungs

19
Q

Ferrous Sulphate antidote

A

desferrioxamine

20
Q

Opiate examples

A

codine, fentanyl, morphine, tramadol, oxycodone, heroin

21
Q

Opiate overdose symptoms

A

miosis, reduces respiratory rate, coma

22
Q

Opiate antidote

A

Naloxone (short half life)

23
Q

Naloxone mechanism of action

A

competitive opioid receptor antagonist

24
Q

Paracetamol overdose symptoms

A

Abdo pain, deranged blood glucose, jaundice

25
Paracetamol Antidote
IV N-Acetyl Cysteine (NAC), methionine, activated charcoal ( if early on)
26
tricyclic mechanism of action
inhibit serotonin and noradrenaline uptake (increasing neurotransmission
27
Paracetamol mechanism of action
inhibits COX prostaglandin production in CNS and inhibits endocannabinoid uptake
28
glutathione mechanism of action
liver conjugation to remove toxic metabolites
29
beta blocker antidote
glucagon
30
glucagon mechanism of action
activates cAMP production - b stimulant effect on heart.
31
Lithium overdose treatment
haemodialysis
32
Warfarin overdose management
stop warfarin, consider potassium and vitamin K