13. Virtualization and Cloud Computing

Question 1

Which process creates and runs virtual machines

Answer 1

hypervisor

Question 2

Which hypervisor is directly installed on the host machine’s hardware

Answer 2

bare-metal

Question 3

Which hypervisor runs within the host machine’s primary operating system

Answer 3

hosted

Question 4

Cloud Computing

Answer 4

A model that enables, ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources

Question 5

Hypervisor

Answer 5

A software abstraction layer that runs VMs as applications, effectively an operating system for operating systems

Question 6

IaaS

Answer 6

Infrastructure as a Service

Question 7

Infrastructure as a Service

Answer 7

An access to computing and network resources themselves, such as storage devices, processing, entire computers, and even whole networks

Question 8

Platform as a service (PaaS)

Answer 8

An access to a computing platform or software environment the customer can use to develop and host web-based applications

Question 9

PaaS

Answer 9

Platform-as-a-Service

Question 11

Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)

Answer 11

An subscription-based access to applications or databases, sometimes known as “on-demand” software

Question 12

VM

Answer 12

Virtual Machine

Question 13

Virtual Machine (VM)

Answer 13

A software program or operating system that not only exhibits the behavior of a separate computer, but is also capable of performign tasks such as running applications and programs like a separate computer

Question 14

VLAN

Answer 14

Virtual LAN

Question 15

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

Answer 15

a network that allows one to combine or divide switched LANs without changing their physical layout

Question 16

Host (virtualization)

Answer 16

The phyiscal hardware that ultimately hosts all the hardware

Question 17

guess OS

Answer 17

VM’s operating system

Question 18

Types of Hypervisors

Answer 18

• Bare-Metal / native hypervisor
  
  • install directly onto the hardware of the host machine, serving as its underlying operating system
• Hosted Hypervisor
  
  • Software applications that run within the host machine’s primary operating system (like any other program)

Question 19

Benefits of virtualization

Answer 19

• VMs using different operating systems can share a host without conflicts
• Maintenance on one VM, like system updates, doesn’t need to affect other VMs on the same host
• VMs are easier to back up, restore, or move to different hardware than traditional operating system installations
• It’s relatively easy to change or upgrade hardware on hsots without affecting VMs, or to change the memory or storage allocated to different VMs
• Virtual machines can server as a security sandbox, which limits the potential damage on untrusted code

Question 20

VDE

Answer 20

virtual desktop environments

Question 21

VDI

Answer 21

virtual desktop infrastructure

Question 22

NIST

Answer 22

national institute of standards and technology

Question 23

the five elements defined by NIST which a cloud computing service must have

Answer 23

1. On-demand self-service: Customers must be able to access computing resources unilatarlly and automatically, without human interaction with the service provider
2. Broad network access: Resources are available through the network in a standard format that allows and in fact promotes use from a wide variery of client platforms, often including any sort of computer or mobile device
3. Resource pooling: The provider’s resources are pooled and shared betwen multiple customers in a multi-tenant fashion, and can be dynamically allocated to suit changing demands. As much as possible, the customer doesn’t even need to know where the resources are hosted: they just work wherever you are
4. Rapid elasticity: Resources can be quickly, even automatically, allocated or released to meet demand. From a customer perspective, resources might seem to be unlimited.
5. Measured service: Ressources are in some way measured and metered, so that ususage can be monitored and transparently reported, so that the customer can be billed appropriately

Question 24

The three service models for cloud computing defined by NIST

Answer 24

• Saas (Software-as-a-Service)
• PaaS (Software-as-a-Service)
• IaaS(Infrastructure as a service)

Question 25

The four cloud service deployment models

Answer 25

• Public
• Private
• Community
• Hybrid

Question 26

Public Cloud deployment model

Answer 26

Service is available to the general public, whether as a paid service or even free. Cloud services offered directly to consumers are usually this type

Question 27

Private cloud deployment model

Answer 27

• The service is accessible only to a single organization, though it is shared among multiple divisions or business units. It might be on-premises or off-premises.
• Might be owned and managed by the organization itself, or a thid party
• This sort of cloud might be a natural extension of increasing virtualization in a traditional server room

Question 28

Community cloud deployment model

Answer 28

• The service is shared betwen a number of organizations which have common concerns and needs
• may be hosted by one organization, by a third party, or as a cooperative venture

Question 29

Hybrid cloud deployment model

Answer 29

• The service has some combination of public, private, and community cloud characteristics under common hardware or software infrastructure.

Question 30

cloud bursting

Answer 30

allows a private vloud to add public cloud resources during peak usage times

Question 31

common workplace SaaS categories

Answer 31

• Desktop productivty
• Database
• Storage
• Email