13. Virtualization and Cloud Computing Flashcards
Which process creates and runs virtual machines
hypervisor
Which hypervisor is directly installed on the host machine’s hardware
bare-metal
Which hypervisor runs within the host machine’s primary operating system
hosted
Cloud Computing
A model that enables, ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources
Hypervisor
A software abstraction layer that runs VMs as applications, effectively an operating system for operating systems
IaaS
Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
An access to computing and network resources themselves, such as storage devices, processing, entire computers, and even whole networks
Platform as a service (PaaS)
An access to a computing platform or software environment the customer can use to develop and host web-based applications
PaaS
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
An subscription-based access to applications or databases, sometimes known as “on-demand” software
VM
Virtual Machine
Virtual Machine (VM)
A software program or operating system that not only exhibits the behavior of a separate computer, but is also capable of performign tasks such as running applications and programs like a separate computer
VLAN
Virtual LAN
Virtual LAN (VLAN)
a network that allows one to combine or divide switched LANs without changing their physical layout
Host (virtualization)
The phyiscal hardware that ultimately hosts all the hardware
guess OS
VM’s operating system
Types of Hypervisors
- Bare-Metal / native hypervisor
- install directly onto the hardware of the host machine, serving as its underlying operating system
- Hosted Hypervisor
- Software applications that run within the host machine’s primary operating system (like any other program)
Benefits of virtualization
- VMs using different operating systems can share a host without conflicts
- Maintenance on one VM, like system updates, doesn’t need to affect other VMs on the same host
- VMs are easier to back up, restore, or move to different hardware than traditional operating system installations
- It’s relatively easy to change or upgrade hardware on hsots without affecting VMs, or to change the memory or storage allocated to different VMs
- Virtual machines can server as a security sandbox, which limits the potential damage on untrusted code
VDE
virtual desktop environments
VDI
virtual desktop infrastructure
NIST
national institute of standards and technology
the five elements defined by NIST which a cloud computing service must have
- On-demand self-service: Customers must be able to access computing resources unilatarlly and automatically, without human interaction with the service provider
- Broad network access: Resources are available through the network in a standard format that allows and in fact promotes use from a wide variery of client platforms, often including any sort of computer or mobile device
- Resource pooling: The provider’s resources are pooled and shared betwen multiple customers in a multi-tenant fashion, and can be dynamically allocated to suit changing demands. As much as possible, the customer doesn’t even need to know where the resources are hosted: they just work wherever you are
- Rapid elasticity: Resources can be quickly, even automatically, allocated or released to meet demand. From a customer perspective, resources might seem to be unlimited.
- Measured service: Ressources are in some way measured and metered, so that ususage can be monitored and transparently reported, so that the customer can be billed appropriately
The three service models for cloud computing defined by NIST
- Saas (Software-as-a-Service)
- PaaS (Software-as-a-Service)
- IaaS(Infrastructure as a service)
The four cloud service deployment models
- Public
- Private
- Community
- Hybrid
Public Cloud deployment model
Service is available to the general public, whether as a paid service or even free. Cloud services offered directly to consumers are usually this type
Private cloud deployment model
- The service is accessible only to a single organization, though it is shared among multiple divisions or business units. It might be on-premises or off-premises.
- Might be owned and managed by the organization itself, or a thid party
- This sort of cloud might be a natural extension of increasing virtualization in a traditional server room
Community cloud deployment model
- The service is shared betwen a number of organizations which have common concerns and needs
- may be hosted by one organization, by a third party, or as a cooperative venture
Hybrid cloud deployment model
- The service has some combination of public, private, and community cloud characteristics under common hardware or software infrastructure.
cloud bursting
allows a private vloud to add public cloud resources during peak usage times
common workplace SaaS categories
- Desktop productivty
- Database
- Storage
