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IT Foundations > 11. Network Protocols > Flashcards

11. Network Protocols Flashcards

1
Q

Of which type of address is AD-4F-C1-A9-12-CB an example

A

a Media Access Control (MAC) address

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2
Q

What is the bit length of IPv6 Address

A

128 bit

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3
Q

What is latency in a network?

A

the amount of delay a network can experience

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4
Q

How many binary bits does an IPv4 address include

A

32 bits

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5
Q

What is the decimal range of values in each octet of an IPv4 address?

A

0-255

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6
Q

What is the default mask for Class A networks

A

255.0.0.0

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7
Q

What is the default mask for Class B networks

A

255.255.0.0

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8
Q

What is the default mask for Class C networks

A

255.255.255.0

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9
Q

What is the IP address range that can be assigned in Class C networks

A

192.0.0.0 - 233.255.255.255

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10
Q

Which node on a network servces as an access point to another network

A

default gateway

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11
Q

What does the acronum APIPA denote

A

Automatic Private Internet Protocol Addressing

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12
Q

What is the commonly used protocol for exchanging files over the Internet or an intranet network that supports the TCP/IP protocol

A

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

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13
Q

By default, which port is used by Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)

A

port 3389

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14
Q

By default, which port is used by telnet

A

23

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15
Q

By default, which port does the Domain Name System (DNS) use

A

53

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16
Q

By default, which port is used by Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

A

389

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17
Q

By default, which port is used by Secure Shell

A

22

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18
Q

Which service translates domain names into numeric IP address

A

Domain Name System (DNS)

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19
Q

Which TCP port is used by HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

A

80

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20
Q

Which port is used by Simple Main Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

A

25

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21
Q

Which TCP port is used by Internet Message Access Protocol version 4 (IMAP4)

A

143

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22
Q

Which TCP port is used by Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3)

A

110

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23
Q

Which lower-layer protocol provides communication between computers or other network devices by using unique global addressing

A

the Internet Protocol (IP)

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24
Q

Which ports are used by File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

A

20 & 21

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25
Q

Which service is used to resolve an IP address to its Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

A

Domain Name System (DNS)

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26
Q

Which protocol resolves IP address to Media Access Control (MAC) address

A

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

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27
Q

What does the acronym SNMP denote

A

Simple Network Management Protocol

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28
Q

What does the acronym SMTP denote

A

Simple Main Transfer Protocol

29
Q

Which ports are used by the Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)

30
Q

Which port is used by HTTPS

31
Q

Private Network Ranges

A
  • 10.0.0.0/8 —Class A network with range 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
  • 172.16.0.0/12 — 16 Contiguous Class B networks with address 172.168.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
  • 192.168.0.0/16 — 256 contiguous Class C networks with address 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
32
Q

CIDR

A

Class InterDomain Routing

33
Q

Classless InterDomain Routing (CIDR)

A

Subnetworks of any size could be allocated, just by allowing any mask prefix number.

34
Q

0.0.0.0

A

Nonroutable address which can either mean the current nework, the default route, any address address, or specific error

35
Q

255.255.255.255

A

Broadcast address that address the entire subnet at once

36
Q

127.0.0.0

A

Class A network reserved for loopback adddresses

37
Q

169.254.0.0/16

A

Link-local or automatic Private IP addressing (APIPA) addresses.

WHen a host doesn’t have an IP address and cannot receive one from a server, it attempts to choose a unique random value from this range

38
Q

RIR

A

regional internet registry

39
Q

IPv6 address format

A

32 hexadecimal digits broken into eight groups of four separated by colons

example

fe80:0000:0000:0000:c249:3765:00c0:9b22

40
Q

IPv6 address network prefix

A

first 64 bits in the address

(similar to IPv4 network ID)

41
Q

IPv6 device identifier

A

last 64bits in the IPv6 address

similar to host id in IPv4

42
Q

IPv6 Network prefix can be broken into

A
  • 48 bit Global routing prefix used by routers on the larger network (first 48 bits)
  • 16 bit subnet ID used for subnetting inside an organization
43
Q

IPv6 device identifier

A

Not arbitray

By default the device EUI-64 hardware address.

EUI-64 is equal to or derived from its unique MAC address

44
Q

IPv6 Loopback

45
Q

IPv6 link-local

A

always start with fe80 (1111111010) followed by 54 zero bits, followed by the EUI-64

usable on local segment but not routable

All IPv6 nodes keep a link-local address even if assigned a public address

link-local netowkr used block fe80::/10

individual address use prefix fe80::/64

46
Q

All global unicast IPv6 address allocated from which block

A

2000::/3

which means they all start with 001

47
Q

IPv6 multicast addresses always begin with

A

1111 1111 (FF)

48
Q

IPv6 unique local

A
  • Similar to IPv4 Private netowrk
  • routable with a private network, but not on the pilic internet
  • use fd00::/8 block
  • fc00::/8 is also reserverd but not currently in use
49
Q

address resolution

A

the process of using a higher level address to find out a lower level address

50
Q

Neighbor Discovery Protocol

A

IPv6 protocol used to find the physical address corresponding to a local IP address

51
Q

Address Resolution Protocol

A

IPv4 protocol to find the physical address corresponding to a local IP address

52
Q

DHCP

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

53
Q

2 most common transport protocols in TCP/IP

A
  • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
  • User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
54
Q

TCP

A

Transmision Control Protocol

55
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol

56
Q

TCP Features

A
  • Connection-oriented
  • Reliable
  • Error Correction
  • Flow Control
  • Sequencing
57
Q

UDP features

A
  • Connectionless
  • fast
  • lightweight
  • The local host just sends datagrams without setting up a connection or waiting for an acknowledgement
58
Q

Range of ports for TCP / UDP

A

65526 ports (16 bit) each

59
Q

ephemeral ports

A

Ports held in a pool by the OS and given by the OS for client programs to use for the length of a given connection

Dynamic Ports

60
Q

The three ranges of ports defined by IANA

A
  • 1-1023 System Ports
  • 1024-49151 User Ports
  • 49152 - 65535 Private Ports
61
Q

System ports

A

0-1023

Assigned to the most universal and accepted TCP/IP standard applications

Also called well-known ports

Also called priviledged ports as many operating systems require admin privileges to bind an application to ports in this range

62
Q

User Ports

A

1024-49151

Assigned to applications that benefit from assigned port numbers, but are not so widely used that they need become a worldwide standard

Sometimes called registered ports as any creator can apply to IANA for a port in the range

Sometimes called user ports as any user-level app an bind to a custom port in the range

63
Q

Private Ports

A

49152-65535

Are not assigned by IANA

Can be used for any purpose without registration

usually used by private applications or for temporary purposes

Most Operating systems assign their pool of ephermeral ports from this range

64
Q

Remote Access Protocols

A
  • Telnet (23)
  • SSH (22)
  • RDP / Remote Desktop Protocol (3389)
  • VNC / Virtual Network Computing (5900+N where N is the display number)
  • HTTP (80)
  • SNMP (UDP 161 / 162)
65
Q

Authenticaiton systems

A
  • RADIUS Desgined for dialup connections to private LANs, but used in other networks
  • TACACS+ / Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus (CISCO): Cisco protocol with similar functions to RADIUS. Designed for remote admin of network devices, but can be used for remote access auth
  • Kerberos: Allows a client to access multiple network resources via a single sign-in.
  • 802.1x: IEEE standard used to auth connections to an ethernet switch or wireless access point
  • LDAP: Manages a directory infromation service across a network
66
Q

EMAIL protocols

A

SMTP / simple mail transfer protocol

POP / post office protocol

IMAP / intenet message access protocol (more features than pop, but uses more server resources)

MAPI / messaging application programing interface (used by microsoft exchange servers)

67
Q

unicast address

A

an address that corresponds to one particular host

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