1.3 transition metals Flashcards
how do homogeneous catalysts work?
by changing oxidation state, which allows the formation of intermediate complexes.
how do heterogeneous catalysts work?
they adsorb reactant molecules to their active sites, where the presence of unpaired d electrons allows an activated complex to form
what is a homogeneous catalyst?
a catalyst in the same state as the reactants
what is a heterogeneous catalyst?
a catalyst in a different state to the reactants
why may a complex be colourless?
the absorbed energy from the d-d transition is in the UV part of the spectrum rather than the visible
the TM has a full d subshell so there is no capacity for electrons to transfer
what makes the colours in TM metals?
if light from the visible spectrum is absorbed
when is light absorbed?
during d-d transition
what is the spectrochemical series, from largest to smallest split?
CN-, H20, OH-, F-, Cl-, Br-, I-
how is the ability of ligands to cause splitting given by?
the spectrochemical series
how is the loss of degeneracy referred to?
splitting of d orbitals
why is there a loss of degeneracy in a transition metal ion in a compound?
the ligands create an electrostatic field and repel electrons in some of the TM’s orbitals
in which type of transition metal ion are the 3d orbitals degenerate?
a free ion
why are simple and complex ions of transition metals often coloured?
because they absorb light in the visible spectrum
when writing the formula of a coordination compound, which order should ligands be written in?
alphabetical order by formulae
when writing the formula of a coordination compound, how should the formula of a ligand be written?
with the element connecting to the transition metal ion appearing first
in coordination compounds, what should the charges balance to?
0
when naming coordination compounds, where should the negative ion be written?
after the complex
when naming coordination compounds, where should the positive ion be written?
before the complex
when is a coordination compound formed?
when a complex ion combines with an oppositely charged ion
what are two examples where metals use their Latin name when converted to ‘ate’?
ferrate, cuprate
what is the name of water in a complex ion?
aqua
what is the name of carbon monoxide in a complex ion?
carbonyl
what is the name of ammonia in a complex ion?
ammine
what changes about negative ligand names when the complex ion is negative?
the e changes to an o
