13* TOWNS AND CITIES Flashcards
urban sprawl (KENTSEL YAYILMA)
the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside
Example: “Urban sprawl is a major problem in many rapidly growing cities.”
Example: “Many people are concerned about the impact of urban sprawl on the
environment”
cost of living (yaşam maliyeti)
the amount of money needed to cover
basic expenses such as housing, food, and transport in a particular place
Example: “The cost of living in London is extremely high.”
Example: “Many people are moving out of big cities due to the high cost of living.”
traffic congestion (trafik sıkışıklığı)
heavy traffic that makes it difficult to
move around
Example: “Traffic congestion is a major problem in many cities during rush hour.”
Example: “The city is trying to reduce traffic congestion by improving public
transport.”
public transport - toplu taşıma
systems of transport, such as buses and trains, that are available for everyone to use
Example: “Public transport in the city is very efficient.”
Example: “The council is investing money in improving the public transport system.”
residential area - yerleşim bölgesi
an area where people live, as opposed to an industrial or commercial area
Example: “I live in a quiet residential area on the outskirts of the city.”
Example: “The development plan includes new housing in residential areas.”
city centre/town centre
British English - the central part of a city/town (American English: downtown)
Example: “The city centre is full of shops, restaurants, and historical buildings.”
Example: “There is a new shopping centre in the town centre.”
shopping centre
British English - a large building that contains a variety of shops.
Example: “The town has a large, modern shopping centre.”
Example: “Many people prefer to do their shopping at the shopping centre as it has everything under one roof.”
hustle and bustle - koşuşturmaca - gürültü patırtı -
busy and noisy activity
Example: “I enjoy the hustle and bustle of living in a big city.”
Example: “After a few days of the hustle and bustle of city life, I was ready to go back to the countryside.”
industrial estate - sanayi bölgesi
British English - an area on the edge of a town/city specifically for factories and industrial activity.
Example: “Many businesses have relocated to the industrial estate.”
Example: “The industrial estate provides jobs for many local people.”
local amenities - yerel olanaklar **
places which provide services in a particular area.
Example: “The area has a lot of good local amenities, such as shops, schools and doctors.”
Example: “When choosing somewhere to live, it is important to consider the local amenities.”
sense of community - topluluk duygusu
a feeling of belonging and connection with others
Example: “There is a strong sense of community where I live.”
Example: “Living in a small village can help develop a good sense of community.”
high-rise building - yüksek katlı bina
skyscrapers - gökdelenler
a tall building with many floors
Example: “Many people who live in cities live in high-rise buildings.”
Example: “The views from the top of the high-rise building were amazing.”
cycle lanes - bisiklet yolları
designated paths for cyclists on roads
Example: “More cycle lanes are needed to help encourage people to cycle rather than drive.”
Example: “The council are planning to add additional cycle lanes in the town centre.”
green space - yeşil alan
an area with grass, trees, or nature in a city or town
Example: “It is important to protect green spaces within towns and cities.”
Example: “The development will include a large area of green space for residents.”
tourist hotspots - turistik noktalar
popular places frequently visited by tourists
Example: “London has a great number of tourist hotspots.”
Example: “During the summer, the beaches become tourist hotspots.
