13. Total knee replacement

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

The articulating surfaces of the knee are replaced by metal and plastic prostheses.

Question 2

Aetiology

Answer 2

Deterioration of articulate cartilage of the knee joint. OA.
Due to risk factors: Previous injury repetitive strain, genetics, obesity

Question 3

Diagnosis (need for total knee replacement)

Answer 3

X-ray, CT scan, arthroscopy

Question 4

Signs and symptoms:

Answer 4

Pain, stiffness, localised chronic inflammation that limits participation in ADL’s, restricted movement, gait and balance.
Failure to improve with other less major treatments.

Question 5

Three types of knee replacement:

Answer 5

1. Replacement of the knee: All ligaments kept, articular surfaces replaced. 6 months,
2. Partial knee replacement: Quicker recovery, 3 months,
3. Focused knee replacement: Less invasive, outpatient, quick recovery

Question 6

Post-operative recovery

Answer 6

Occasionally knee brace. Fill weight bearing with crutches. AROM exercises. More painful than hip.