Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Network+ > 1.3 - Routing and Switching > Flashcards

1.3 - Routing and Switching Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Broadcast domain?

A

A LAN using switches as it’s boundaries. The switches will receive a broadcast and will determine where to send the data. This creates a collision domain, increasing the likelihood of dropped packets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Explain CSMA/CD

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection. With Carrier Sense, the NIC will listen for transmission before sending one out. If a collision is detected, it will send a jam signal to clear the path for a resend.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain CSMA/CA

A

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance. Once the media is clear, the transmitting node signals the whole collision domain that it is sending packets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a collision domain?

A

When nodes are connected to a hub, such as a broadcast domain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a protocol data unit? What are they called on each layer of the OSI model?

A 
Protocol Data Unit (PDU). A message or group of bits containing addressing and/or information.
Layer 1 -Transmission or bit
Layer 2 - Frame
Layer 3 - Packet
Layer 4 - TCP segment or UDP datagram
Layer 6 - Payload
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an MTU?

A

Maximum Transmission Unit. Represents the largest size supported by the Network layer routers. Standard size is 1,500 bytes.

Bonus: VLAN frames have four extra bytes and a jumbo frame. up to 9,198 bytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Broadcast, Multicast, and Unicast

A

Broadcast is a transmission sent to every node. Multicast is a transmission sent to multiple nodes at once (think streaming). Unicast is meant for a single recipient.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a VLAN?

A

Virtual Local Area Network. Created on the ports of a Layer 2 switch. This allows larger broadcast domains and multiple VLAN’s to be created.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Trunking?

A

802.q1

Using a switch to create multiple VLAN’s.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain tagging and untagging ports

A

The 802.q1 tag is placed on the frame following the addressing fields. The final switch removes the tag.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Port mirroring?

A

AKA SPAN (Switch Port Analyzer). Sends a copy of all the traffic on a port to a security device such as NIDS, which will monitor the traffic for anomalies and report them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are switching loops/spanning tree?

A

Multiple switches can create a loop of resent broadcasts, which can cripple the network. STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) identifies and blocks potential loops using BPDU.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are PoE and PoE+? What do they define?

A

(802.3af and 802.3at)
Define how electrical power can be sent over ethernet cabling. PoE delivers 15.4 Watts and PoE+ delivers 25.5 Watts. Two devices are defined by these standards: Power Supply Equipment (PSE) and Powered Devices (PDs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the DMZ?

A

Demilitarized Zone. A network space between your internal and external firewalls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a MAC address table?

A

The network switches we use to maintain a list of MAC addresses. They save and share MAC addresses with fellow switches.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an ARP table?

A

Address Resolution Protocol. Mapping IP addresses to MAC addresses in IPv4, creating a table.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a distance-vector routing protocol?

A

A routing protocol that counts the number of hops. Cannot see more than 2 hops away.

18
Q

Explain RIP and RIPv2

A

Routing Information Protocol and RIP version 2. Distance-vector protocol.

19
Q

Explain EIGRP

A

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.

Distance-vector protocol. Preferred over RIP.

20
Q

What is a Link-state routing protocol?

A

Link-state routing protocols allow routers to communicate beyond the 2 hop limit.

21
Q

Explain OSPF

A

Open Shortest Path First - Creates a network map from the other routers to determine the best path. Developed to improve RIP.

22
Q

Explain BGP and hybrid routing protocol

A

Border Gateway Protocol is a hybrid routing protocol employing elements from both Link-state and Distance-vector protocols. Classified as an advanced protocol.

23
Q

What is static routing?

A

When a Network Administrator specifies the paths between networks in the routing table. Efficient and low overhead, but cannot compensate network failures.

24
Q

What is dynamic routing?

A

Dynamic Routing can determine the best path for a network. Is also capable of compensating for network failures or congestion. It also adds new routers to the table dynamically.

25
Q

What is default routing?

A

A type of Static Routing. Sends packets addressed to an unknown destination to the next hop.

26
Q

Explain is IPv6 addressing

A

IPv6 consists of eight hexadecimal blocks separated by colons. Each block contains 16 bits, making the address 128 bits in length.

27
Q

Explain IPv6 tunneling

A

Aids the transition from IPv4 to IPv6 by adding an IPv6 datagram to the IPv4 frame so that IPv6 devices can read it.

28
Q

Explain Dual Stack

A

A Dual Stack network handles both IPv4 and IPv6.

29
Q

Explain advertisement

A

Used in IPv6 autoconfiguration. The host requests configuration information from the router using Router Solicitation. The router will send the information via Router Advertisement.

30
Q

Explain Neighbor discovery and it’s 5 message types

A

The Neighbor Discovery Protocol is an IPv6 protocol that replaces ARP and ICMP. It utilizes RS, RA, Neighbor Solicitation, Neighbor Discovery, and Redirect.
RS - Router Solicitation. The host sends a message to discover IPv6 routers on the network.
RA - Routing Advertisement. The routers send a message back to configure with the host.
NS - Neighbor Solicitation. IPv6 nodes send this message to discover a link-layer address of IPv6 nodes on-link.
NA - Neighbor Advertisement. Contains information to determine the senders role on the network, and the link-layer address.
Redirect - An IPv6 node will send a host hop information for a better path to a destination.

31
Q

Explain traffic shaping

A

A technique used on high volume networks to ensure the timely delivery of prioritized traffic and provide optimal performance to the users.

32
Q

Explain QoS

A

Quality of Service is a group of techniques that ensure that voice and video communications are handled in a timely manner.

33
Q

Explain Diffserv. How does it work?

A

Differentiated Services works at OSI layer 3 to examine all traffic and prioritize time-sensitive packets like voice and video. Modified the Diffserv field in an IPv4 packet, and the Traffic Class field in IPv6.

34
Q

Explain CoS

A

Class of Service operates at OSI layer 2. Improves the routing and switching of ethernet frames between VLAN’s. Tagged frames are prioritized using 8 priority levels (0-7). The level is assigned to the frame in a three-bit field in the header, known as Priority Code Point (PCP).

35
Q

What is NAT/PAT?

A

Networking Address Translation and Port Address Translation. NAT was created to reduce public IP addresses. A network receives one public IP and the hosts use arbitrary private IP’s. For PAT, each session between a local host and internet host is assigned to an individual TCP port. When traffic comes in, PAT knows where to send it.

36
Q

What is port forwarding?

A

Redirects traffic to a port other than it’s default. Ex, instead of port 21, you can use 3,999

37
Q

What is an Access control list?

A

ACL’s are used to permit or deny specific traffic on the network by comparing the traffic to a permit/deny list.

38
Q

What is distributed switching?

A

In the virtual environment, distributed switching provides a centralized control point for VM’s and virtual server clusters across multiple points.

39
Q

Explain Packet-switched vs. circuit-switched network

A

Circuit-switched: Think of a phone call. A connection is established between two parties who will only communicate once it is established. Nobody else can use that connection.

Packet-switched: IP protocols break data into packets before transmission. Is better for an IP network and uses less resources than CS.

40
Q

Explain Software-defined networking

A

SDN centralizes the control of data flow by using software. Determinations that were traditionally handled by routers and switches, are now handled by the SDN controller. SDN will play a major role in cloud technologies.

Network+ (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions