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Human Performance > 13 Human Overload And Underload > Flashcards

13 Human Overload And Underload Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of stress?

A

Stress is caused when the perceived demand for a task outweighs the perceived ability to complete it

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2
Q

What is a Stressor?
What types of Stressors are there?
What is the biggest Stressor?

A
  • Something which causes Stress
  • Physiological / Environmental
  • Emotional - Occupational and Domestic
  • Death of a Spouse
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3
Q

What is the optimum room temperature?

A

20 degrees C

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4
Q

At what Max Body Temperature is death considered likely?

A

43 degrees C

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5
Q

How long does it take the body to adapt to a hot and humid country?

A

2 weeks

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6
Q

At what body temperature does the body STOP shivering?

A

34.5 degrees C

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7
Q

At what temperature is Hypothermia a serious risk?

A

35 degrees C

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8
Q

What level does Noise cause damage to the ears?

What effects does Noise have as a Stressor?

A
  • 90 Db
  • Hard to concentrate
  • Disrupts the process of storing short term memory
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9
Q

At what thresholds do Vibrations (as a Stressor) have what effects on the body?

A
  • 1 to 4 Hz: Breathing difficulties
  • 5 to 10 Hz: Chest/abdominal pain
  • 8 to 12 Hz: Back pain
  • 10 to 20 Hz: Headaches, reduced visual acuity, speech difficulties, muscle pains
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10
Q

What is the optimum Humidity levels?

A

40% to 60%

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11
Q

What is the average cabin Humidity?

A

3% to 15%

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12
Q

What are the three models of Stress?

A
  • Engineering Model: Focuses on the Stressors
  • Phycological Model: Focuses on the bodies reaction to Stressors
  • Transactional Model: Focuses on a combination of the Stressors and the bodies reaction to Stressors
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13
Q

What are the associated Behavioural and Personality changes associated with Chronic Stress?

A

Behavioural:

  • Withdrawn / introverted
  • More aggressive

Personality:

  • Tearful
  • Anxious

+ More for both

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14
Q

What are the traits associated with Cognitive Stress?

A
  • Concentration tunnelling
  • Information Bias
  • Regression
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15
Q

Describe Arousal

A

A phycological or physiological response to a Stressor

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16
Q

What are the two components of the Anitonomic Nervous System which deal with Stressors?

A
  • Sympathetic Nervous System: Increases Arousal to deal with Stressors
  • Parasympathetic Nervous System: Decreases Arousal and prolongs the bodies ability to deal with a Stressor
17
Q

Name and describe the stages of the General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)

A

Alarm:

  • Brain first becomes aware of the Stressor
  • Sympathetic NS raises Arousal
  • Adrenaline and glucose released into the blood
  • Faster reactions and decision making (which are good)
  • Working memory improves
  • Resistance to other Stressors reduces

Resistance:

  • Parasympathetic NS begins to lower Arousal
  • Prolongs the bodies ability to deal with the Stressor
  • Cortisone and more glucose released into blood

Exhaustion:

  • Bodies reserves of glucose depleted
  • Can become hypoglycaemic
  • Brain overrides the body to keep Arousal up
  • Body tries to remove as much waste from previous stages as possible
18
Q

What are the three reactions to GAS (General Adaption Syndrome?)

A
  1. Phycological: The brain first becomes aware of the Stressor
  2. Phycosomatic: Brain triggers sympathetic NS to release adrenaline and other hormones and glucose
  3. Somatic: How the body and the organs react to the release of hormones and glucose
19
Q

What is Response Error and what is it also known as?

A
  • Aka Error of commission
  • Where a stimulus is expected and so a response is prepared. However a different stimulus occurs but the original response is still applied
20
Q

What are the main ways of coping (short term) with stress?

A
  • Direct action: remove the stressor
  • Cognitive / Inhibition: ignore or rationalise the stressor
  • Symptom Directed / Palliative: Cause is ignored but the symptoms are addressed
21
Q

What does Adaption mean with regards to managing stress?

A

Adaption is the process of reaching a new equilibrium after having coped with a Stressor

22
Q

What is the first thing to ‘go’ when stress builds in the cockpit?

A

Communication

23
Q

What percentage of pilots have suffered from Fatigue?

A

93%

24
Q

What strategy should be put in place when faced with an anticipated period of stress?

A

A strategy of preparing decisions

Human Performance (14 decks)

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