13- Complex Lipids

Question 1

Complex lipids are the class of lipids which consists of:

Answer 1

1- Fatty Acid
2- Alcohol
3- Other groups (Phosphate, Carbohydrate)

Question 2

they are composed of a phosphate group, two alcohols, two fatty acids.
-amphipathic in nature.

Answer 2

Phospholipids

Question 3

phospholipids that contain glycerol as the alcohol.

• constitute the major class of phospholipids.
• all contain Phosphatidic acids(precursor) .

Answer 3

glycerophospholipids (or phosphoglycerides)

Question 4

phospholipids that contain sphingosine as the alcohol.

-all contain Ceramide (precursor)

Answer 4

sphingophospholipid (or sphingomyelins)

Question 5

when phospholipids are in water, they form ……….. that is involved in solubilization of lipids in aqueous media and help in digestion and absorption of lipids.

Answer 5

Micelle

Question 6

ethanolamine+PA(phosphatidic acid) ——–> phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin)

choline+PA(phosphatidic acid) ——–> phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

Answer 6

glycerophospholipid formation examples

Question 7

what are the products of the complete hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine(lecithin)?

Answer 7

glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate, choline

Question 8

• the only significant sphingophospholipid in humans, contains Choline as the second alcohol.
• an important constituent of the myelin of nerve fibers.

Answer 8

Sphingomyelin

Question 9

functions of ………:
1-structural components and regulates membrane permeability.
2-participate in fat absorption from the intestine
3-essential for the synthesis of lipoproteins (transport)
4-Cephalins, participate in blood clotting
5-act as surfactants

Answer 9

Phospholipids

Question 10

a condition in which a new born baby is unable to breathe normally because of collapsed lungs.

• associated with insufficient surfactant production
• significant cause of all neonatal death

Answer 10

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Question 11

is a complex mixture of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates that prevent the lungs from collapsing.

Answer 11

Surfactant.

Question 12

is the major lipid component of lung surfactant lining the alveoli .

Answer 12

Phosphatidylcholine (lecithin)

Question 13

molecules that contain both carbohydrate and lipid components.

• derivatives of ceramides (a long chain FA is attached the amino alcohol sphingosine)
• found in brain and peripheral nervous tissues (myelin sheath)
• antigenic
• cell surface receptors

Answer 13

Glycolipids

can also be called glycosphingolipids

Question 14

precursors of both phosphorylated and glycosylated sphingolipids

Answer 14

Ceramides

Question 15

glycosphingolipids differ from sphingophospholipids in that they don’t contain ……… but instead they contain……..

Answer 15

phosphate , mono or oligosaccharide.