11-Chemistry of Lipids(fatty acids) Flashcards
biological molecules that are insoluble in water but soluble in non-polar organic solvents (ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone)
Lipids
a general term that describes a heterogenous group of chemical compounds:
- fats
- oils
- waxes
- steroids
- derived lipids
Lipids
general properties of lipids:
1- relatively insoluble in water
2- soluble in non polar solvents such as ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone.
3- stored in adipose tissue
4- serve as thermal insulator & electrical (in nerves)
5- lipoproteins are important in cells+they serve as transport in blood
Lipids are important as a dietary constituents; due to:
1- high energy value
2- essential fatty acids
3- fat soluble vitamins [A D E K]
lipids are classified as:
1- Simple: ~
waxes~
triglycerides
2-Complex:~
phospholipids~
glycolipids
3-Derived:~
steroids~
prostaglandins
an ester-containing lipid with just two types of components:
- an alcohol
- one or more fatty acids
Simple Lipids
an ester-containing lipid with more than two components:
- an alcohol
- fatty acids
- plus others
Complex Lipids
esters of fatty acids with glycerol (triacylglycerols)
Fats and oils
esters of fatty acids with high molecular weights monohydric alcohol
Waxes
lipids containing:
fatty acids + alcohol + phosphoric acid residue
Phospholipids
lipids containing:
fatty acid + sphingosine(type of alcohol) + carbohydrate
Glycolipids
this group includes: 1- cholesterol 2- steroid hormones 3- fatty aldehyde 4- fat soluble vitamin [A D E K] 5- some other alcohol
Derived Lipids
- Biological molecules consists of a hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain with a terminal carboxyl group
- they function as the building blocks of lipids.
Fatty acids
depending on the ….. group, the physical properties of fatty acids may vary.
R group (hydrocarbon chain)
functions of fatty acids (6)
1- energy source: during fasting (or keto) blood level of FFA increases.
2- FAs can be oxidized by liver and muscle for energy.
3- structural components of membrane lipids
4-attached to some intracellular proteins
5-precursors of hormone-like prostaglandins
6- esterified TAG serve as major energy reserve in the body.