1.3

Question 1

What is mRNA

Answer 1

mRNA (messengerRNA) carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome
RNA is single stranded and is composed of nucleotides containing ribose sugar, phosphate and one of four bases: cytosine, guanine, adenine and uracil
A triplet of bases is called a codon and codes for a specific amino acid

Question 2

What is tRNA

Answer 2

tRNA (transferRNA) carries a specific amino acid. tRNA is a folded molecule due to complementary base pairing.
A triplet of bases is called an anticodon

Question 3

What is rRNA

Answer 3

rRNA (ribosomalRNA) and proteins form a ribosome

Question 4

What is the full stage of transcription

Answer 4

BG Info: Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Real Info:
RNA Polymerase moves along the DNA,
unwinding the double helix causing weak hydrogen bonds to break between bases, separating the strands.
RNA Polymerase synthesises a primary transcript of mRNA by complimentary base pairing Uracil on mRNA instead of Thymine.
The new mRNA strand (The primary transcript) detaches and the weak hydrogen bonds reunite the two original DNA strands into a double helix again.

Question 5

What is RNA Splicing

Answer 5

Introns of the primary transcript are non-coding regions and Exons are coding regions.
Introns are found between the Exons.
Introns are removed from the primary transcript
Exons are joined together to form the mature transcript of mRNA

Question 6

What is the full stage of translation

Answer 6

BG Info: Translation starts at a start codon on mRNA and ends at a stop codon
Occurs at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Real info:
tRNA anticodons are complementary to an
mRNA codon which bind together translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids which are joined together by peptide bonds
Each tRNA then leaves the ribosome as the polypeptide is formed
Polypeptide chains fold to form 3Dimensional shape of protein - held together by hydrogen bonds