1.2b impact of training on lifestyle diseases

Question 1

what is CVD

Answer 1

term for all diseases of heart and blood circulation

Question 2

CVD atherosclerosis

Answer 2

-build-up of fatty deposits that form a hard plaque on the artery walls
-narrows the lumen leaving less space for blood flow
-increased likelihood of blood clots forming
-artery walls can’t vasodilate as well and constrict to regulate blood pressure
-chronic high blood pressure develops

Question 3

CVD coronary heart disease

Answer 3

-causes by astherosclerosis of the coronary arteries (which supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle)
-limits the cardiac muscle’s ability to respire and causes angina (pain)
-heart attack

Question 4

CVD heart attack

Answer 4

-a piece of fatty plaque breaks from arterial wall forming a blood clot.
-blocks a coronary artery and shuts off oxygen supply
-causes death of cells and permanent damage

Question 5

CVD stroke

Answer 5

-caused by a blockage in cerebral artery that
-cuts off blood supply to the brain (ischaemic stroke)
or
-a blood vessel bursting within the surface of the brain (haemorrhagic)

Question 6

risk factors for CVD

Answer 6

-inactive, sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor - doubles the risk of fatal heart attack

Question 7

effects of training on CVD

Answer 7

exercise can reduce the overall risk of developing CVS by 30%

-increase proportion of HDL to LDL cholesterol - slow development of astherosclerosis
-decrease blood viscocity - prevent blood clots
-prevent hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls
-maintain healthy weight and dec body fat - reduce strain on heart
-reduce risk of stroke by 27% lowering blood pressure
-cardiac hypertrophy - efficiency of heart

Question 8

what are respiratory diseases

Answer 8

diseases of the airway and alveoli
-causes breathing difficulties, reducing quality of life

Question 9

RS asthma

Answer 9

-constriction of bronchial airways and inflammation of mucous membranes
-restricts the airways and limits breathing
-causes shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing

-can be EIA
-inhalers, warm-ups and respiratory muscle

Question 10

RS chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 10

-umbrella term for conditions where airways become inflamed and narrow.
-inflammation leads to permanent changes, thickening of bronchiole walls, increase mucus production, damage to alveoli and decrease in lung tissue elasticity.
-COPD includes sever asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Question 11

risk factors for RS

Answer 11

-smoking is the biggest risk factor for RS.
-sedentary lifestyle limit no of lobes of lung tissue - inc risk of infection

Question 12

effects of training on RS

Answer 12

regular training has preventative effect
-increase resp muscle strength - decr repiratory effor and symptoms of asthma
-dec resting and sub-max frequency of breathing - reduce fatigue
-increase airflow and less breathlessness
-maintain lung tissue use and elasticity - reduce COPD
-inc sa of alveoli and pulmonary capillaries