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PE Paper 1 > 1.1c Energy systems > Flashcards

1.1c Energy systems Flashcards

1
Q

Coupled reaction?

A

Where the products of one reaction are used in another

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2
Q

ATP-PC system?

A

The body’s ‘turbo system’ - produces energy quickly for maximal bursts, but also depletes quickly.

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3
Q

Aerobic system?

A

Involves the complete breakdown of glucose and can sustain long-term energy production at low-moderate intensity.

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4
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction that can take place in either direction.

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5
Q

Glycolytic system?

A

The partial breakdown of glucose during high intensity effort, resulting in the production of lactic acid.

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6
Q

ATP?

A

energy currency
A high energy compound which is the only immediate available sourse of energy for muscular contraction.

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7
Q

Exothermic reaction?

A

A chemical recation that releases energy.

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8
Q

Endothermic reaction?

A

A chemical recation that absorbs energy

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9
Q

Energy?

A

The capacity to perform work and can exist in chemical, potential and kinetic forms.

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10
Q

Where do we get energy?

A
  • Food contains chemical energy. This is digested and stored as potential energy.
  • Fuels can be metabolised to create kinetic energy.
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11
Q

ATP - adenosine triphosphate?

A
  • universal currency of the human body
  • stored inside cytoplasm of the muscle cell
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12
Q

How much ATP is readily available?

A

2 seconds worth

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13
Q

What needs to happen to ATP to continue exercising?

A

ATP needs to be resynthesised by PC

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14
Q

what is the controlling enzyme of PC?

A

creatine kinase

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15
Q

what is the fuel for PC?

A

phosphocreatine

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16
Q

what is the controlling enzyme of ATP?

A

ATPase

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17
Q

what part of the ATP/PC system is exothermic

A

when a high energy bond is broken and energy is released

eg pc = p + c + energy

eg atp = adp + p + energy

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18
Q

what part of the ATP/PC system is endothermic

A

when energy is used to resynthesise

eg adp + p + energy = atp

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19
Q

what is the energy yield of the atp/pc system

A

1:1

20
Q

advantages of the atp/pc system

A
  • PC readily available on site
    -anaerobic so no wait for oxygen
    -simple structured and reactions
    -not fatiguing by-products
21
Q

disadvantages of atp/pc system

A

-limited stores of pc run out quickly
-once exhausted, can’t be used again until adequate recovery
-inefficient in comparison to other systems

22
Q

fuel of glycolytic system

A

glycogen/glucose

23
Q

site of glycolytic system

A

cytoplasm of the muscle cell

24
Q

process of the glycolytic system

A

-glycogen reacts with glycogen phosphorylase to produce
glucose

-glucose reacts with phosphofructokinase to produce 2x energy and pyruvic acid

-pyruvic acid reacts with lactate dehydrogenase to produce lactic acid

25
Q

by product of glycolytic system

A

lactic acid - fatigue

LA accumulates and causes OBLA

inc acidity in muscle cells inhibits enzyme activity

26
Q

energy yield of glycolytic system

A

1:2

27
Q

strengths of glycolytic system

A

-no O2 require means quick access
-large fueld stores to resynthesis more than atp/pc
-relatively few chemical reactions
-la can be recycled back into glycogen

28
Q

weakness of glycolytic system

A

-lactic acid causes muscle fatigue and can only be used for max 3 mins
-relatively low atp yield
-long recovery to remove la

29
Q

what are the four stages of the aerobic system

A

-aerobic glycolysis
-link reaction
-krebs cycle
-electron transport chain

30
Q

process of aerobic glycolysis

A

-glycogen + gpp = glucose

-glucose + pfk = pyruvic acid + 2x energy

31
Q

location of aerobic glycolysis

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

32
Q

process of the link reaction

A

-pyruvic acid + coenzyme A = acetyl coa

-acetyl coa + oxaloacetic acid = citric acid

33
Q

location of the link process

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell

34
Q

process of Kreb’s cycle

A

-citric acid oxidised by o2 = 2x energy

-co2 is removed

-hydrogen leaves

35
Q

location of Kreb’s cycle

A

matrix of mitochondria of muscle cell

36
Q

process of electron transport chain

A

-H atoms carried by hydrogen carriers nad and fad

-H split into ion H+ and electron H-

-H+ + o2 = h2o and removed

-pairs of H- carried and form nadh2 and fadh2
-release 30 + 4 x energy

37
Q

location of electron transport chain

A

cristae of mitochondria in muscle cell

38
Q

energy yield of aerobic system

A

1:38

39
Q

strengths of glycolytic system

A

-large fuel stored to last hours of activity
-large amount of ATP resynthesised from 1 mol of glucose
-no fatiguing byproducts

40
Q

weakness of aerobic system

A

-fatty acids require 15% more oxygen to metabolise and be used
-delay of o2 delivery and series of reaction is slow
-limited to sub-max work

41
Q

duration and intensity of atp/pc system

A

short duration (max 10s)

max intensity

eg 100m sprint in athletics

42
Q

duration and intensity of glycolytic system

A

medium duration (max 3 mins)

high intensity

eg 800m in athletics

43
Q

duration and intensity of aerobic system

A

long duration (>3 mins)

low intensity

eg marathon run

44
Q

what is the energy continuum

A

the relative contribution of each energy system to overall energy production

45
Q

energy continuum and intermittent exercise

A

activity where intensity alternates
eg interval training (w:r ratios) or gameplay with breaks or varying intensities

-more energy demanding than continuous work
-game players physiologically develop all 3 energy systems

46
Q

energy continuum and threshold

A

the point at which an athletes predominant energy production moves from one energy system to another

47
Q

how does fitness level effect energy continuum

A

-high Vo2 max max and aerobic capacity means efficient utilisation of great vol of o2

-increased intensity they can perform before obla and increases buffering capacity

-oxygen arrives quicker and minimise time in glycolysis

-ffa require 15% more oxygen to break down - trained can do this and save glucose

PE Paper 1 (19 decks)

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