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MHD VI: Pulm > 12.7: Mycology II > Flashcards

12.7: Mycology II Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of cryptococcosis?

A
  • ROUND yeast with polysaccharide capsule

- Associated with pigeon droppings and soil

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2
Q

What to think of when you hear pigeon droppings?

A

Cryptococcosis

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3
Q

What is only yeast with polysaccharide capsule?

A

Cryptococcosis

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4
Q

2 Varieties of cryptococcosis and where are they endemic?

A
  1. Neoformans: pigeon guano, global

2. Gatii: SW, PNW, mexico

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5
Q

Who is most at risk for cryptococcosis?

A

Aids patients make up 50% of victims

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6
Q

Pathogenesis of cryptococcosis?

A
  • Inhale into lungs
  • Pulmonary infection is usually asymptomatic a
  • Likes to spread from lungs to CNS through blood causing disease w/o showing pulm symptoms
  • Causes meningitis in CNS
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7
Q

What is required for clearing cryptococcosis?

A
  • T cells

- Recovery associated with humoral immunity

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8
Q

Clinical presentation of cryptococcosis?

A
  1. Meningitis: cranial nerve abnormalities
  2. Headache
  3. Nausea
  4. Gait abnormalities
  5. Irritability
  6. Dementia
  7. Raised skin lesions
    * **Lead to coma and death if not treated
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9
Q

How to test for cryptococcosis?

A
  • Cryptococcal antigen latex agglutination
  • Rapid test of CSF or blood
  • Indian ink preparation also works
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10
Q

What does silver stain work well on?

A

Fungus, yeast, mold

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11
Q

What are dimorphic fungi?

A
  • Grow as yeast at 35 degrees: in our bodies

- Grow as mold at 25 degrees

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12
Q

Which are the dimorphic fungi?

A
  1. Histoplasma capsulatum
  2. Blastomyces dermatitidis
  3. Coccidioides immitis
  4. Sporothrix schenckii “Sporotrichosis”
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13
Q

Reservoir of Histoplasma?

A
  • Bat caves and chicken coops
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14
Q

Endemic area of Histoplasma?

A

Ohio and Mississippi river valley

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15
Q

Symptoms of Histoplasma?

A
  • Pulmonary infiltrate and lymphadenopathy that can progress to cavitating lesion
  • TB like symptoms
  • Febrile illness
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16
Q

Hallmark of Histoplasma Capsulatum?

A
  • Organism can grow inside macrophages then spread to liver spleen and marrow
17
Q

How is Histoplasmosis tested for?

A

Positive urine antigen test

18
Q

Which fungi grows and multiples in macrophages?

A

Histoplasmosis

19
Q

What is Chicago disease?

A

Blastomycosis

20
Q

Where is Blastomycosis endemic?

A
  • Central US, primarily Chicago: cities that are on waterways
  • Increase during rain and when rivers overflow: late fall after a wet summer
21
Q

Clinical manifestation of Blastomycosis?

A

Pneumonia like

  1. Fever
  2. Chest pain
  3. Cough w/ sputum
  4. Lytic bone lesions
  5. DIsseminated disease
  6. Skin lesions
22
Q

What are “Broad based budding yeast”?

A

Blastomycosis

23
Q

Appearance of Blastomycosis?

A

Broad based budding yeast on KOH

24
Q

Other names for Coccidioidomycosis?

A

“San Joaquin Valley Fever” “Desert Rheumatism”

25
Q

Other names for “San Joaquin Valley Fever” “Desert Rheumatism”?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

26
Q

Characteristics of Coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Restricted to desert SWUS

- Not transmitted person to person: inhale spores from dust

27
Q

Pathogenesis of Coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Inhaled arthroconidia bypassing upper airway
  • Convert to spherule full of endospores in lungs
  • Spherules bust and endospores spread
28
Q

Presentation of Coccidioidomycosis?

A
  1. Erythema Nodosum: rash commonly seen in white women
29
Q

Lab test for Coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Blood or skin test, no urine test
30
Q

What are spherules filled with endospores indicative of?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

31
Q

What is alternating barrel shaped arthroconidia indicative of?

A

Coccidioidomycosis

32
Q

What is Subcutaneous mycoses?

A

Fungal infection of skin and underlying tissue by fungi without systemic spread

33
Q

Two types of Subcutaneous mycoses?

A
  1. Sporotrichosis

2. Chromoblastomycosis

34
Q

What is associated with pricking self on rose thorn in garden?

A

Sporotrichosis

35
Q

Presentation of Sporotrichosis?

A
  • Papular skin lesions that enlarge and ulcerate
  • Firm nodules along lymphatics
  • Ulcers
36
Q

What is cigar or daisy like shape indicative of?

A

Sporotrichosis

37
Q

What is cauliflower like skin lesion indicative of?

A

Chromoblastomycosis

MHD VI: Pulm (20 decks)

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